List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IX. Neurology
Additional recommended knowledge
Nerve cells
axis-cylinder process or axon
protoplasmic processes or dendrons
cyton
Nissl's granules
medullated fibers or white fibers
white substance of Schwann or medullary sheath
neurolemma, primitive sheath, or nucleated sheath of Schwann
axis-cylinder
primitive fibrillae of Schultze
neurokeratin
Non-medullated Fibers
gray or gelatinous nerve fibers (fibers of Remak)
Structure of the Peripheral nerves and Ganglia
cerebrospinal nerves
funiculus
fasciculi
epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium
vasomotor fibers
spheroidal tactile corpuscles or end bulbs of Krause
nervi nervorum
plexus
origins or central terminations; and peripheral terminations
Origins of nerves
superficial origin or apparent origin
deep origin or real origin
Peripheral terminations of nerves
Motor nerves
Ganglia
Medulla spinalis
Medulla spinalis
Roof-plate of medulla spinalis
Floor-plate of medulla spinalis
layers
Ependymal layer
Marginal layer
Mantle layer
Spongioblasts
germinal cells
Neuroblasts
Dorsal lamina (Alar lamina)
Ventral lamina (Basal lamina )
Terminal ventricle
Oval bundle
filum terminale
spinal nerves
ventral cephalic flexure
cervical flexure
pontine flexure
Hind-brain or Rhombencephalon
Hind-brain
isthmus rhombencephali
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Floccular fissure
post-nodular fissure
incisura fastigii
Prosencephalon
Diencephalon
metathalamus
epithalamus
posterior commissure
Pineal recess (recessus pinealis )
pars mamillaris hypothalami
Fissures and Sulci
subarachnoid cavity
pia mater
ligamentum denticulatum
spinal ganglion
spinal segments (Neuromeres)
cauda equina
filum terminale
filum terminale internum
filum terminale externum
Enlargements of medulla spinalis
Enlargements of medulla spinalis
cervical enlargement
lumbar enlargement
Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior)
Posterior median sulcus (sulcus medianus posterior)
posterolateral sulcus
posterior funiculus
postero-intermediate sulcus
fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
antero-lateral region
anterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
Internal Structure of the Medulla spinalis
Gray substance (substantia grisea centralis)
central canal
Anterior column (columna anterior; anterior cornu)
lateral column (columna lateralis; lateral cornu)
Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
tract of Lissauer
substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
Central canal (canalis centralis)
anterior gray commissure
posterior gray commissure
terminal ventricle
substantia gelatinosa centralis
association neurons or intersegmental neurons
crossed commissural fibers
Nerve cells in the Anterior column
Nerve cells in the Anterior column
Nerve cells in the Lateral column
Nerve cells in the Lateral column
preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system
Nerve cells in the Posterior column
dorsal nucleus (nucleus dorsalis; column of Clarke)
cervical nucleus
sacral nucleus
dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (direct cerebellar)
nerve cells in the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando
Solitary cells
posterior basal column
White substance
White substance (substantia alba)
Nerve fasciculi
Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
Descending fasciculi
anterior cerebrospinal (fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior; direct pyramidal tract)
Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
Descending fasciculi
vestibulospinal fasciculus
tectospinal fasciculus
Ascending fasciculi
ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
anterior proper fasciculus (fasciculus anterior proprius; anterior basis bundle)
Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
Descending fasciculi
lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis; crossed pyramidal tract)
Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
Descending fasciculi
Ascending fasciculi
dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig)
superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (Gowers)
Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
Ascending fasciculi
lateral spinothalamic fasciculus
secondary sensory fasciculus or spinal lemniscus
spinotectal fasciculus (spino-quadrigeminal system of Mott)
fasciculus of Lissauer
lateral proper fasciculus (fasciculus lateralis proprius; lateral basis bundle)
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
Posterior proper fasciculus (Posterior ground bundle, Posterior basis bundle)
descending fibers occupy different parts at different levels
Comma-shaped fasciculus
Dorsal peripheral band
Oval area of Flechsig
triangular strand
Roots of spinal nerves
the brain or encephalon (Gray's s186 )
Brain (Encephalon)
Brain : divisions of:
Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius )
the hind-brain or rhombencephalon (Gray's s187 )
Brain : rhombencephalon (hindbrain)Myelencephalon/medulla
anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group
posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary /tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus /Cuneate nucleus /Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group
raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei Obscurus , Magnus , Pallidus )
tracts: Corticospinal tract Spinocerebellar Spinothalamic tract • PCML Extrapyramidal Rubrospinal tract , Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract)
Metencephalon/pons
anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles)
posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus , MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor , VI, VII , VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior)
raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation ) • Median raphe nucleus
Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center
Metencephalon/cerebellum Vermis • Flocculus • Arbor vitae • Cerebellar tonsil • Inferior medullary velum Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell, Parallel fiber) • Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell ) • Granule cell layer (Golgi cell) • Mossy fibers • Climbing fiber
Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial) Fourth ventricle apertures (Median, Lateral) • Rhomboid fossa (Vagal trigone, Hypoglossal trigone, Obex, Sulcus limitans, Facial colliculus, Medial eminence) • Lateral recess
tentorium cerebelli
myelencephalon
metencephalon
isthmus rhombencephali
Myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata (spinal bulb)
Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior; ventral or ventromedian fissure)
foramen cecum
pyramidal decussation
anterior external arcuate fibers
Posterior median fissure (fissura mediana posterior; dorsal or dorsomedian fissure)
antero-lateral sulcus
postero-lateral sulcus
Myelencephalon: anterior district of medulla oblongata
pyramid of medulla oblongata (pyramis medullæ oblongatæ)
pyramidal decussation
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Myelencephalon: lateral district
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - lower part
tubercle of Rolando (tuber cinereum)
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - upper part
inferior peduncle
restiform bodies
striæ medullares
Myelencephalon: Cerebrospinal fasciculi
fasciculus gracilis
fasciculus cuneatus
medial nucleus
lateral nucleus
lemniscus (fillet)
decussation of the lemniscus (sensory decussation)
locus cæruleus
dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract)
proper fasciculi (basis bundles)
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Myelencephalon: Gray Substance of the Medulla oblongata
Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body)
dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus
olivocerebellar fibers
Internal arcuate fibers
anterior external arcuate fibers
posterior external arcuate fibers
terminal sensory nuclei
ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
cerebellum
reticularis alba
reticularis grisea
inferior central nucleus (nucleus of Roller)
nucleus lateralis
lemniscus
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Metencephalon - pons
Pons (pons Varoli)
tænia pontis
anterior surface (pars basilaris pontis)
middle peduncle
sulcus basilaris
posterior surface (pars dorsalis pontis)
basilar part of the pons
superficial transverse fibers (fibræ pontis superficiales)
deep transverse fibers (fibræ pontis profundæ)
longitudinal fasciculi (fasciculi longitudinales)
Cerebellum
Lobes of the Cerebellum
vermis
vallecula cerebelli
superior vermis
inferior vermis
posterior cerebellar notch
anterior cerebellar notch
horizontal sulcus
upper surface of the cerebellum
lingula (lingula cerebelli)
Lobulus Centralis and Alæ
lobulus centralis
precentral fissure
ala lobuli centralis
Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
monticulus
postcentral fissure
quadrangular lobule
preclival fissure
Monticulus and Quadrangular lobules
culmen
clivus
lobus culminis
lobus clivi
Folium vermis and Superior semilunar lobule
folium vermis (folium cacuminis; cacuminal lobe)
superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules)
horizontal sulcus
lobus semilunaris
under surface of the cerebellum
inferior vermis
sulcus valleculæ
nodule
uvula
pyramid
tuber vermis
flocculus
tonsilla cerebelli
biventral lobule
inferior semilunar lobule
postnodular fissure
prepyramidal fissure
postpyramidal fissure
Nodule and Flocculus
nodule (nodulus vermis; nodular lobe)
Nodule and Flocculus
Uvula and Tonsilla
uvula (uvula vermis; uvular lobe)
sulcus valleculæ
furrowed band
tonsilla (tonsilla cerebelli; amygdaline nucleus)
bird's nest (nidus avis)
lobus uvulæ
lobus pyramidis
Tuber vermis (tuber valvulæ)
Inferior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris inferior; postero-superior lobule)
lobus tuberus (tuberæ lobe)
White substance
dentate nucleus
arbor vitæ
projection fibers
projection fibers
superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva)
projection fibers
ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis)
superior fasciculus
inferior fasciculus
deep fasciculus
inferior cerebellar peduncles (restiform bodies)
anterior medullary velum (velum medullare anterius; valve of Vieussens; superior medullary velum)
projection fibers
Fibrae propriae
commissural fibers
arcuate fibers (association fibers)
Gray substance
gray substance of the cortex
Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
internal rust-colored layer (nuclear layer)
Microscopic Appearance of the Cortex
moss fibers
tendril fibers
independent centers of gray substance
nucleus dentatus
nucleus emboliformis
nucleus globosus
nucleus fastigii
Fourth ventricle (ventriculus quartus)
Roof or Dorsal Wall
superior peduncle
anterior medullary velum
posterior medullary velum
taeniae of the fourth ventricle (ligulae)
obex
epithelial lining of the ventricle
tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle
taeniae of the fourth ventricle (taenia ventriculi quarti; ligula)
Roof or Dorsal Wall
Cornucopia of Bochdalek
obex
tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle
Choroid plexuses
Openings in the Roof
medial aperture (foramen Majendii)
lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
calamus scriptorius
median sulcus
medial eminence
sulcus limitans
colliculus facialis
trigonum hypoglossi
nucleus intercalatus
sulcus limitans
Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" of the fourth ventricle)
locus cæruleus
substantia ferruginea
superior fovea
inferior fovea
area acustica
tuberculum acusticum
striae medullares
ala cinerea
funiculus separans
area postrema
Cerebral peduncles
cerebral peduncles (pedunculus cerebri; crus cerebri)
interpeduncular fossa
posterior perforated substance
interpeduncular ganglion
base (basis pedunculi; crusta or pes)
cerebrospinal fibers
frontopontine fibers
temporopontine fibers
substantia nigra (intercalatum)
tegmentum
gray substance
red nucleus
interpeduncular ganglion
white substance
medial longitudinal fasciculus
Deiters's nucleus (lateral vestibular nucleus)
vestibulospinal fasciculus
ventral longitudinal bundle
medial lemniscus
central tract of the cranial nerves
thalamic tract of the cranial nerves
central tract of the trigeminal nerve
rubrospinal tract (bundle of Monakow)
lateral lemniscus (lemniscus lateralis)
Corpora quadrigemina
corpora quadrigemina
pulvinar
pineal body
frenulum veli
brachium
brachium
inferior colliculus (colliculus inferior; inferior quadrigeminal body; postgemina)
superior colliculus (colliculus superior; superior quadrigeminal body; pregemina)
stratum zonale
stratum cinereum
stratum opticum
stratum lemnisci
gray-white layers
fountain decussation of Meynert
Cerebral aqueduct
cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus cerebri; aqueduct of Sylvius)
ventricle of the mid-brain
central gray stratum
the fore-brain or prosencephalon (Gray's s189 )
Brain : telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex , cerebral hemispheres )Primary sulci/fissures Medial longitudinal , Lateral , Central , Parietoöccipital, Calcarine , Cingulate, Callosal Collateral fissureFrontal lobe Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex , 4), Precentral sulcus , Superior frontal gyrus /Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9), Middle frontal gyrus (46), Inferior frontal gyrus (44-Pars opercularis , 45 -Pars triangularis), Orbitofrontal cortex (10 , 11, 12, 47) Parietal lobe Somatosensory cortex (Primary (1, 2, 3, 43 ), Secondary (5)), Precuneus (7m), Parietal lobules (Arcuate fasciculus /Superior (7l), Inferior (40)), Angular gyrus (39), Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus Occipital lobe Primary visual cortex (17), Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, 18, 19 - Lateral occipital sulcusTemporal lobe Primary auditory cortex (41 , 42 ), Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22), Middle temporal gyrus (21), Inferior temporal gyrus (20), Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (Amygdala , Hippocampus , Parahippocampal gyrus (27, 28 , 34, 35 , 36)Cingulate cortex /gyrusSubgenual area (25 ), anterior cingulate (24 , 32 , 33), Posterior cingulate (23 , 31), Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30), Supracallosal gyruswhite matter tracts Corpus callosum (Splenium, Genu, Rostrum, Tapetum), Septum pellucidum , Internal capsule , Corona radiata, External capsule, Olfactory tract, Fornix (Commissure of fornix), Anterior commissure, Posterior commissure Terminal stria Superior and Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculusBasal ganglia Striatum (Putamen ,Caudate nucleus , Nucleus accumbens ), Globus pallidus , Claustrum, Subthalamic nucleus , Substantia nigra Other Insular cortex Olfactory bulb , Anterior olfactory nucleus Septal nuclei Basal optic nucleus of MeynertSome categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
Thalami (optic thalamus)
extremities
anterior extremity
posterior extremity
superior surface
stratum zonale
stria terminalis
superior surface
taenia thalami
sulcus habenulae
trigonum habenulae
inferior surface
subthalamic tegmental region
substantia innominata of Meynert
medial surface
massa intermedia (middle commissure or gray commissure of brain )
lateral surface
structure of thalamus
stratum zonale
lateral medullary lamina
medial medullary lamina
connections of thalamus
thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)
Thalami : stalks of
anterior stalk
posterior stalk
inferior stalk
parietal stalk
Metathalamus
geniculate bodies
medial geniculate body (corpus geniculatum mediale; internal geniculate body; postgeniculatum)
lateral geniculate body (corpus geniculatum laterale; external geniculate body; pregeniculatum)
Epithalamus (see also Habenula and Habenular nuclei)
trigonum habenulæ
ganglion habenulæ
habenular commissure
fasciculus retroflexus
pineal body (corpus pineale; epiphysis)
posterior commissure
nucleus of the posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch)
greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
corpora mammillaria (corpus albicantia)
thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d'Azyr)
tuber cinereum
lamina terminalis
infundibulum
basal optic nucleus of Meynert
greater part of the floor of the third ventricle
Optic chiasma (chiasma opticum; optic commissure)
Diencephalon/Other
Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
roof
choroid plexuses of the third ventricle
floor
Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
floor
anterior boundary
posterior boundary
recessus pinealis
recessus suprapinealis
lateral wall
sulcus of Monro
massa intermedia
Interpeduncular fossa
Parietoöccipital fissure (fissura parietoöccipitalis)
Calcarine fissure (fissura calcarina)
Cingulate sulcus (sulcus cinguli; callosomarginal fissure)
Collateral fissure (fissura collateralis)
inferior surface or orbital surface
orbital sulcus
medial gyrus
anterior gyrus
lateral gyrus
posterior orbital gyrus
olfactory sulcus
straight gyrus
medial surface
marginal gyrus
paracentral lobule
Parietal lobe (lobus parietalis)
intraparietal sulcus of Turner
postcentral sulcus
occipital ramus
transverse occipital sulcus
superior parietal lobule
inferior parietal lobule
posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre)
superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior)
arcus parietoöccipitalis
inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district or lobule)
subparietal sulcus
precuneus (quadrate lobe)
Occipital lobe (lobus occipitalis)
transverse occipital sulcus
lateral occipital sulcus
lingual gyrus
fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution)
Insula (island of Reil; central lobe)
opercula of the insula
orbital operculum
circular sulcus
Limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus (gyrus cinguli; callosal convolution)
callosal fissure
Isthmus: of limbic lobe
hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi)
cingulum
uncus
incisura temporalis
Hippocampal fissure (fissura hippocampi; dentate fissure)
Rhinencephalon
Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius)
olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
medial stria
intermediate stria
olfactory trigone (trigonum olfactorium)
parolfactory area of Broca (area parolfactoria)
anterior perforated substance (substantia perforata anterior)
fissure prima
Uncus
subcallosal gyrus (gyrus subcallosus; peduncle of the corpus callosum)
supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus)
fascia dentata hippocampi (gyrus dentatus)
fimbriodentate fissure
band of Giacomini
Telencephalon - Interior of the Cerebral Hemispheres
corpus callosum
supracallosal gyrus
forceps anterior
forceps posterior
tapetum
Ventricles
Lateral ventricles (ventriculus lateralis)
septum pellucidum
interventricular foramen
ependyma
cornua
central part (pars centralis ventriculi lateralis; cella)
Ventricles
anterior cornu (cornu anterius; anterior horn; precornu)
Ventricles
rostrum
posterior cornu (cornu posterius; postcornu)
calcar avis (hippocampus minor)
bulb of the posterior cornu
inferior cornu (cornu inferior; descending horn; middle horn; medicornu)
lentiform nucleus (nucleus lentiformis; lenticular nucleus; lenticula)
medullary laminæ
internal capsule (capsula interna)
external capsule (capsula externa)
substantia innominata of Meynert
stria terminalis (tænia semicircularis)
terminal vein (vein of the corpus striatum)
lamina affixa
Fornix
Columns of fornix
crura
body (corpus fornicis)
psalterium (lyra)
hippocampal commissure
ventricle of the fornix (ventricle of Verga)
columns (columna fornicis; anterior pillars; fornicolumns)
thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)
olfactory fasciculus
crura (crus fornicis; posterior pillars)
alveus
fimbria hippocampi
fascia dentata hippocampi (dentate gyrus)
fimbriodentate fissure
Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
Anterior commissure (precommissure)
cavity of the septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; pseudocele; fifth ventricle )
Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle (plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis; paraplexus)
tela chorioidea of the third ventricle
choroidal fissure
tela chorioidea of the third ventricle (tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii; velum interpositum)
transverse fissure of the brain
internal cerebral veins (venæ Galeni)
great cerebral vein (vena magna Galeni)
Telencephalon - Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres
white substance
Projection fibers
Transverse fibers or commissural fibers
Association fibers
short association fibers
long association fibers
uncinate fasciculus
cingulum
white substance
Association fibers
long association fibers
superior longitudinal fasciculus
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
perpendicular fasciculus
occipitofrontal fasciculus
white substance
gray substance of the hemisphere
Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
outer band of Baillarger or band of Gennari
inner band of Baillarger
Nerve cells
giant cells of Betz
cells of Golgi
cells of Martinotti
Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
composition and central connections of the spinal nerves (Gray's s190 )
typical spinal nerve
somatic sensory fibers
sympathetic afferent fibers or sensory fibers
somatic motor fibers
sympathetic efferent fibers or preganglionic fibers
Intrinsic spinal reflex paths
Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
conscious muscle sense
unconscious muscle sense
Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
tactile discrimination
touch fibers
ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
spinotectal fasciculus
spino-olivary fasciculus (olivospinal; bulbospinal, Helweg's bundle)
Sympathetic afferent fibers (visceral afferent; viscero-sensory; splanchnic afferent)
Sympathetic efferent fibers (splanchnic motor; viscero-motor; preganglionic fibers)
composition and central connections of the cranial nerves (Gray's s191 )
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
Sympathetic afferent fibers
Taste fibers
Somatic motor fibers
Sympathetic efferent fibers (motor and secretory fibers)
Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
Acoustic nerve (VIII cranial)
lateral preolivary nucleus or semilunar nucleus
mesial preolivary nucleus
lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet)
fillet of Reil
lower and upper nuclei of the lateral lemniscus
inferior colliculi (lower or posterior quadrigeminal bodies)
medial geniculate body
commissure of Gudden
Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
dorsal vestibular nucleus (medial or principal nucleus)
inferior vestibular nucleus
lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus)
Vestibular nerve (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
superior vestibular nucleus (Bechterew's nucleus)
Facial nerve (VII cranial)
somatic sensory fibers
sympathetic afferent fibers
Taste fibers
Somatic motor fibers
Sympathetic efferent fibers (preganglionic fibers)
superior salivatory nucleus
Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
Optic nerve or Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
stratum opticum
lateral lemniscus
tectospinal fasciculus
Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell
Olfactory nerves (I cranial) or nerves of smell
lateral olfactory striæ
medial olfactory striæ
pars olfactoria
intermediate olfactory striæ
tractus olfactomesencephalicus (basal olfactory bundle of Wallenburg)
fasciculus mammillo-tegmentalis (mammillo-tegmental bundle of Gudden)
fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert
interpeduncular ganglion
tegmental bundle of Gudden
cingulum
dentate gyrus
indusium
medial longitudinal striæ (nerves of Lancisi)
lateral longitudinal striæ
gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance (diagonal band of Broca)
olfactory projection fibers
alveus
fornix
hippocampal commissure (ventral psalterium or lyre)
bundle of Vicq d'Azyr (mammillo-thalamic fasciculus)
amygdaloid nucleus and the tænia semicircularis (stria terminalis)
Motor tract
geniculate fibers
cerebrospinal fibers
decussation of the pyramids
lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (crossed pyramidal tract)
anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (direct pyramidal tract)
upper motor neurons
lower motor neurons
rubrospinal fasciculus
vestibulospinal fasciculus (part of the anterior marginal fasciculus or Loewenthal's tract)
pontospinal fasciculus (Bechterew)
the meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis (Gray's s193 )
dura mater
cranial dura mater (dura mater encephali; dura of the brain)
processes of dura mater
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae
Structure
spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
spinal dura mater (dura mater spinalis; spinal dura)
Dura mater : structure of:
Arachnoid (Arachnoid membrane)
Cranial arachnoid (Arachnoidea encephali)
Spinal arachnoid (Arachnoidea spinalis)
structure of Arachnoid
Subarachnoid cavity (Cavum subarachnoideale , Subarachnoid space)
Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales )
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris (Cisterna magna )
Cisterna pontis
Cisterna interpeduncularis (Cisterna basalis )
Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales )
Cisterna chiasmatis
Cisterna fossae cerebri lateralis
Cisterna venae magnae cerebri
openings
Foramina of Majendie
Foramina of Luschka
Subarachnoid septum
Ligamentum denticulatum
Cerebrospinal fluid
Pia mater
Cranial pia mater
Spinal pia mater
Linea splendens
Ligamentum denticulatum
Filum terminale
Central ligament of medulla spinalis
ligamentum denticulatum (dentate ligament)
Cerebrospinal fasciculus: fluid
Dentate fissure: ligament
Ligament or Ligaments: dentate
Nerves : spinal nerves Cervical (8) anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus ) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital, Greater occipital, Third occipital)Thoracic (12) anterior (Intercostal , Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)Lumbar (5) anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1-L3)Sacral (5) anterior (Sacral plexus ) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)Coccygeal (1) anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)
Cranial nerves (Nervi cerebrales , Cerebral nerves)
Nuclei: of origin of motor nerves
Optic chiasma
Decussation of optic nerves
Commissure of Gudden
Ophthalmic nerve
Ophthalmic nerve (Nervus ophthalmicus )
Lacrimal nerve (Nervus lacrimalis )
Frontal nerve (Nervus frontalis )
Frontal nerve
Supratrochlear nerve (Nervus supratrochlearis )
Supraorbital nerve (Nervus supraorbitalis )
Nasociliary nerve (Nervus nasociliaris , Nasal nerve)
Long root of ciliary ganglion (Radix longa ganglii ciliaris )
Long ciliary nerves (Nervi ciliares longi )
Infratrochlear nerve (Nervus infratrochlearis )
Ethmoidal branches (Nervi ethmoidales )
Ciliary ganglion (ophthalmic ganglion or lenticular ganglion )
Ciliary nerves
Maxillary nerve
Maxillary nerve (Nervus maxillaris , superior maxillary nerve)
In the Cranium
Middle meningeal nerve (Nervus meningeus medius , meningeal branch, dural branch)
In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus ; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
In the Pterygopalatine fossa
Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus ; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
Zygomaticotemporal branch
Zygomaticofacial branch
Sphenopalatine nerves (Nervi sphenopalatini )
Posterior superior alveolar branches (Nervus rami alveolares superiores posteriores , posterior superior dental branches)
In the Infraorbital canal
Middle superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch)
Anterior superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; Nervus ramus alveolaris superior anteriores, anterior superior dental branch, Anterior superior dental nerve )
On the Face
Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores; palpebral branches)
External nasal branches (rami nasales externi, Nervus nasales externi)
Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores, Nervus labialis superiores, labial branches)
Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
Greater superficial petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus superficialis major , Large superficial petrosal nerve)
Deep petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus profundus , Large deep petrosal nerve)
Nerve of pterygoid canal (Nervus canalis pterygoidei , Vidian nerve)
Branches of Distribution
orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches)
palatine nerves (nn. palatini; descending branches)
anterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus anterior)
middle palatine nerve (n. palatinus medius)
posterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus posterior)
posterior superior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores superiores)
pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve)
Nervus spinosus
Internal pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus internus )
anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
Masseteric nerve (Nervus massetericus )
anterior and smaller division of the mandibular nerve
Deep temporal nerves (nn. temporales profundi)
Buccinator nerve (n. buccinatorus; long buccal nerve)
External pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus externus)
posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
anterior auricular branches (nn. auriculares anteriores)
branches to the external acoustic meatus (n. meatus auditorii externi)
articular branches
parotid branches (rami parotidei)
superficial temporal branches (rami temporales superficiales)
Lingual nerve (n. lingualis)
posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)
posterior and larger division of the mandibular nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
dental branches
incisive branch
mental nerve (n. mentalis)
Otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)
Submaxillary ganglion (ganglion submaxillare)
greater superficial petrosal nerve (large superficial petrosal nerve)
With the facial canal
Nerve to the stapedius (n. stapedius; tympanic branch)
Chorda tympani nerve
iter chordae posterius
iter chordae anterius
At its exit from the stylomastoid foramen
Posterior auricular nerve (n. auricularis posterior)
auricular branch
occipital branch
Digastric branch (ramus digastricus)
Stylohyoid branch (ramus stylohyoideus)
On the face
Temporal branches (rami temporales)
Zygomatic branches (rami zygomatici; malar branches)
Buccal branches (rami buccales; infraorbital branches)
superficial branches
deep branches
infraorbital plexus
Mandibular branch (ramus marginalis mandibulæ)
Cervical branch (ramus colli)
the acoustic nerve (Gray's s203 )
acoustic nerve (Eighth nerve)
Cochlear nerve
accessory nucleus
tuberculum acusticum
striæ medullares (striæ acusticæ)
lateral lemniscus
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
Vestibular nerve
sensory fibers
taste fibers
Fasciculus solitarius
somatic sensory fibers
somatic motor fibers
sympathetic efferent fibers
Ganglia
Superior ganglion (ganglion superius; jugular ganglion)
Petrous ganglion (ganglion petrosum; inferior ganglion)
Branches of Distribution
Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus; nerve of Jacobson)
Carotid branches (n. caroticotympanicus superior and n. caroticotympanicus inferior)
Pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)
Muscular branch (ramus stylopharyngeus)
Tonsillar branches (rami tonsillares)
Lingual branches (rami linguales)
Ganglion nodosum (ganglion of the trunk; inferior ganglion)
In the Jugular fossa
Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
Auricular branch (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold )
In the Neck
Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
In the Neck
Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
Superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus superior)
external branch (ramus externus) - external laryngeal nerve
internal branch (ramus internus) - internal laryngeal nerve
Recurrent nerve (n. recurrens; inferior or recurrent laryngeal nerve )
Superior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci superiores; cervical cardiac branches)
upper branches
lower branch
In the Thorax
Inferior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci inferiores; thoracic cardiac branches)
In the Thorax
Anterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior or ventral pulmonary branches)
Anterior pulmonary plexus
Posterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior or dorsal pulmonary branches)
posterior pulmonary plexus
Esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
accessory nerve (Nervus accessorius , Eleventh nerve; Spinal accessory nerve )
Cranial Part (ramus internus; accessory portion)
Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion)
Meningeal branches (dural branches)
Descending ramus (ramus descendens; descendens hypoglossi)
Thyrohyoid branch (ramus thyreohyoideus)
Muscular branches
Nervus ramus descendens
Nervus thyreohyoideus
the spinal nerves (Gray's s208 )
spinal nerves (Nervi spinales)
first cervical nerve (suboccipital nerve)
Nerve roots
Anterior root (radix anterior; ventral root)
Posterior root (radix posterior; dorsal root)
Spinal ganglia (ganglion spinale)
cells of Dogiel
meningeal branch
the posterior divisions (Gray's s209 )
posterior divisions (Rami Posteriores)
Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
posterior division of the second cervical nerve
medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
greater occipital nerve (n. occipitalis major; great occipital nerve)
lateral branch (ramus lateralis; external branch)
posterior division of the third cervical nerve
medial branch
lateral branch
posterior cervical plexus
posterior divisions of the lower five cervical nerves
medial branches
lateral branches
Thoracic nerves (Nn. Thoracales)
medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
upper six thoracic nerves
lower six thoracic nerves
lateral branches (ramus lateralis; external branch)
Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
medial branches
lateral branches
Sacral nerves (Nn. Sacrales)
upper three sacral nerves
medial branches
lateral branches
lower two sacral nerves
Coccygeal nerve (N. Coccygeus)
the anterior divisions (Gray's s210 )
anterior divisions (Rami Anteriores)
Cervical nerves (Nn. Cervicales)
anterior division of the first (suboccipital nerve)
upper four cervical nerves
cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)
Superficial Branches of the Cervical plexus
Smaller occipital nerve (n. occipitalïs minor; small occipital nerve)
Great auricular nerve (n. auricularis magnus)
Great auricular nerve
anterior branch (ramus anterior; facial branch)
posterior branch (ramus posterior; mastoid branch)
Cutaneous cervical (n. cutaneus colli; superficial or transverse cervical nerve)
ascending branches (rami superiores)
Cutaneous cervical
descending branches (rami inferiores)
Supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares; descending branches)
anterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares anteriores; suprasternal nerves)
middle supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares medii; supraclavicular nerves)
posterior supraclavicular nerves (nn. supraclaviculares posteriores; supra-acromial nerves)
Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. INTERNAL SERIES
Communicating branches
Muscular branches
Communicantes cervicales (communicantes hypoglossi)
descendens cervicalis
ansa hypoglossi
Phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus; internal respiratory nerve of Bell)
Deep Branches of the Cervical plexus. EXTERNAL SERIES
lateral cord
medial cord
posterior cord
Supraclavicular Branches
Dorsal scapular nerve (n. dorsalis scapulæ; nerve to the Rhomboidei; posterior scapular nerve)
Suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)
Nerve to the subclavius (n. subclavius)
Long thoracic nerve (n. thoracalis longus; external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve)
Infraclavicular branches
Medial cord: Medial anterior thoracic (8 C, 1 T), Medial antibrachial cutaneous, Medial brachial cutaneous, Ulnar, Medial head of median , Upper subscapular (5, 6 C), Lower subscapular (5, 6 C.)
Posterior cord: Thoracodorsal (5, 6, 7 C.), Axillary (5, 6 C.), Radial (6, 7, 8 C, 1 T.)
Anterior thoracic nerves (nn. thoracales anteriores)
lateral anterior thoracic (fasciculus lateralis)
medial anterior thoracic (fasciculus medialis)
Subscapular nerves (nn. subscapulares)
Subscapular nerves
upper subscapular (short subscapular)
lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis; middle or long subscapular nerve)
Axillary nerve (n. axillaris; circumflex nerve )
anterior branch of axillary nerve (upper branch)
posterior branch of axillary nerve (lower branch)
lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii cutaneous lateralis; branch of musculocutaneous nerve)
Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii medialis; internal cutaneous nerve)
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii medialis; lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg)
Median nerve (n. medianus)
In the forearm
muscular branches (rami musculares)
volar interosseous nerve (n. interosseus volaris; anterior interosseous nerve)
palmar branch (ramus cutaneus palmaris n. mediani)
In the palm of the hand
proper volar digital nerves
common volar digital nerves
articular branches to the elbow-joint
muscular branches of ulnar nerve (rami musculares)
palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
dorsal branch of ulnar nerve (ramus dorsalis manus)
volar branch of ulnar nerve (ramus volaris manus)
superficial branch of ulnar nerve (ramus superficialis [n. ulnaris])
deep branch of ulnar nerve (ramus profundus)
Radial nerve (n. radialis; musculospiral nerve)
Muscular branches of the radial nerve (rami musculares)
Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii posterior; internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
Radial nerve
Cutaneous branches of the radial nerve
dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis; external cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
Superficial branch of the radial nerve (ramus superficialis radial nerve)
Deep branch of the radial nerve (n. interosseus dorsalis; dorsal or posterior interosseous nerve)
dorsal interosseous nerve
the thoracic nerves (Gray's s211 )
anterior divisions of the thoracic nerves (rami anteriores; ventral divisions)
First thoracic nerve
first intercostal nerve
Upper thoracic nerves (nn. intercostales)
thoracic intercostal nerves
Lateral cutaneous branches (rami cutanei laterales)
Lower thoracic nerves
thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves
anterior cutaneous branches
lateral cutaneous branches
twelfth thoracic nerve
lateral cutaneous branch
the lumbosacral plexus (Gray's s212 )
lumbosacral plexus (Plexus Lumbosacralis)
Lumbar nerves (Nn. Lumbales)
anterior divisions of the lumbar nerves (rami anteriores)
lumbosacral trunk
Furcal nerve (Nervus furcalis)
lumbar plexus
Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
lateral cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus lateralis; iliac branch)
anterior cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior; hypogastric branch)
Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)
Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis; genitocrural nerve)
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis lateralis; external cutaneous nerve)
Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
anterior branch (ramus anterior)
posterior branch (ramus posterior)
Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
articular branch for the knee-joint
Accessory obturator nerve (n. obturatorius accessorius)
Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
intermediate cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; middle cutaneous nerve)
medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
subsartorial plexus
Muscular branches (rami musculares)
nerve to the Pectineus
nerve to the Sartorius
Saphenous nerve (n. saphenus; long or internal saphenous nerve)
infrapatellar branch
plexus patellæ
articular branch to the hip-joint
articular branches to the knee-joint
the sacral and coccygeal nerves (Gray's s213 )
Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)
Nerve to the Quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferior
Nerve to the Obturator internus and Gemellus superior
Nerve to the Piriformis
Superior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus superior)
Inferior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus inferior)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
Tibial nerve (n. tibialis; internal popliteal nerve)
sural nerve (n. suralis; short saphenous nerve)
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
medial calcaneal branches (rami calcanei mediales; internal calcaneal branches)
medial plantar nerve (n. plantaris medialis; internal plantar nerve)
cutaneous branches
muscular branches
articular branches
proper digital nerve of the great toe (nn. digitales plantares proprii; plantar digital branches)
three common digital nerves (nn. digitales plantares communes)
Lateral plantar nerve (n. plantaris lateralis; external plantar nerve)
Common peroneal nerve (n. peronæus communis; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve )
lateral sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch)
peroneal anastomotic (n. communicans fibularis)
Deep peroneal nerve (n. peronæus profundus; anterior tibial nerve)
muscular branches
articular branch
lateral terminal branch (external or tarsal branch)
medial terminal branch (internal branch)
dorsal digital nerves (nn. digitales dorsales hallucis lateralis et digiti secundi medialis)
interosseous branch
Superficial peroneal nerve (n. peronæus superficialis; musculocutaneous nerve )
medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis; internal dorsal cutaneous branch)
intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis intermedius; external dorsal cutaneous branch)
Pudendal plexus
Pudendal plexus (plexus pudendus)
Perforating cutaneous nerve (n. clunium inferior medialis)
Pudendal nerve (n. pudendus; internal pudic nerve)
Alcock’s canal
dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
inferior hemorrhoidal nerve (n. hæmorrhoidalis inferior)
perineal nerve (n. perinei)
posterior scrotal branches (or labial) (nn. scrotales (or labiales) posteriores
muscular branches
dorsal nerve of the penis (n. dorsalis penis)
Anococcygeal nerves (nn. anococcygei)
cranial sympathetics
Sympathetic afferent fibers of the Vagus
Sacral sympathetics
Sacral sympathetic efferent fibers
Sacral sympathetics
Afferent sympathetic fibers
Thoracolumbar sympathetics
thoracolumbar sympathetic fibers
vasoconstrictor fibers
Thoracolumbar sympathetics
central ganglia
prevertebral plexuses
sympathetic trunks (truncus sympathicus; gangliated cord)
ganglion impar
Connections with the Spinal nerves
gray and white rami communicantes
Thoracolumbar sympathetics
three great gangliated plexuses (collateral ganglia)
internal carotid nerve
internal carotid plexus (plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus)
carotid ganglion
deep petrosal
caroticotympanic
cavernous plexus (plexus cavernosus)
filaments of connection
terminal filaments
superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
Inferior branch
Lateral branches (external branches)
Medial branches (internal branches)
laryngopharyngeal branches (rami laryngopharyngei)
superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
pharyngeal plexus
superior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus superior)
Anterior branches (nn. carotici externi)
external petrosal nerve
middle cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale medium)
Middle cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus medius; great cardiac nerve)
inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
ansa subclavia (Vieussenii)
inferior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus inferior)
offsets to bloodvessels
branches from the upper five ganglia
branches from the lower seven ganglia
greater splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus major; great splanchnic nerve)
ganglion splanchnicum
lesser splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus minor)
lowest splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus imus; least splanchnic nerve)
Pars Abdominalis S. Sympathici; Lumbar portion of Gangliated cord
ganglion impar
branches of distribution
glomus coccygeum (coccygeal body)
Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
superficial part of the cardiac plexus
cardiac ganglion of Wrisberg
deep part of the cardiac plexus
Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
Posterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius posterior; left coronary plexus)
Anterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius anterior; right coronary plexus)
Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus )
Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus )
superior gastric plexus (plexus gastricus superior; gastric plexus or coronary plexus )
suprarenal plexus (plexus suprarenalis)
renal plexus (plexus renalis)
spermatic plexus (plexus spermaticus) / ovarian plexus (plexus arteriæ ovaricæ)
superior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus superior)
ganglion mesentericum superius
abdominal aortic plexus (plexus aorticus abdominalis; aortic plexus)
inferior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus inferior)
left colic
sigmoid plexuses
superior hemorrhoidal plexus
Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
Middle hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hæmorrhoidalis medius)
Vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis)
Prostatic plexus (plexus prostaticus)
Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
See also
