New Study Reveals Significant Healthcare System Costs Associated with Meningococcal Disease
Researchers find high incidence rates and deaths in first-ever analysis of the disease impacts in Latin America
Latin American researchers and global health leaders revealed preliminary results from the first-ever study to estimate the burden and costs of meningococcal disease in the region. The study found a need for improved surveillance and better understanding of meningococcal epidemiology and information on costs to help devise meningitis vaccination programs.
This new research was coordinated by the Sabin Vaccine Institute in partnership with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the International Vaccine Access Center at Johns Hopkins University (JHU's IVAC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Dr. Ciro de Quadros, Executive Vice President of the Sabin Vaccine Institute in Washington, D.C., said, "Clearly, meningitis is a real health and economic burden in Latin America. Too many children are debilitated or die from this serious disease, yet it is preventable by vaccines. Our new research proves that we need to improve our strategies to fight meningococcal disease."
Dr. de Quadros spoke at the conclusion of the first Regional Meningococcal Symposium, convened by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO). The symposium brought together more than 150 researchers, vaccine experts, economists and others to evaluate the extent and cost of meningococcal disease and what obstacles impede its prevention through vaccination.
"Few diseases have as much power to cause panic among the population as meningococcal disease, said Dr. Marco Aurelio Safadi, Head of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Division at Sao Luiz Hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. "This is primarily because of its potentially epidemic nature. The rapid onset and high case fatality rates (10 - 20 percent), combined with substantial morbidity compound its health and economic impact. Our study notes that up to 20 percent of meningococcal disease survivors develop permanent disabilities including deafness, neurological deficit or limb amputation—only adding to the long-term economic impact of an outbreak."
The new research suggests healthcare costs associated with meningococcal diseases range from $4,500 to $6,500 (USD) per patient, and costs of controlling outbreaks have reached more than $3 million (USD) in some regions.
"The economic impact can vary widely across countries in the region," explained Dr. Dagna Constenla of the International Vaccine Access Center at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. "However, what is clear from our research is that meningococcal disease has significant costs for society and governments."
For example, one Florida community that reported seven confirmed meningococcal cases and vaccinated 13,000 persons spent $370,000 (USD) in intervention and management costs, or $53,000 (USD) per case. In Brazil, one community had a meningitis outbreak causing nine cases and spent $143,000 (USD) on investigation and outbreak management alone.
But the figures are much higher in large outbreaks. In 2007, Burkina Faso was hit with 25,000 cases of meningococcal disease and 1,700 related deaths, which resulted in direct costs of $3.5 million (USD), or 5 percent of its annual health expenditures. Costs of recent outbreaks in Oklahoma, Ohio, Brazil, Norway and Germany are largely unknown, the study said.
High incidence rates of meningococcal disease were reported in the countries with well-established disease surveillance systems including Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, but low incidence rates were consistently reported in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.
"Given that we do not have a clear picture of the burden of this disease in Latin America, and we lack information on circulating serogroups, we have to further strengthen our epidemiological surveillance of this disease. Based on that information, we will generate the studies of epidemiology, cost-effectiveness, and opportunity costs needed to make evidence-based decisions in our Region," explained Dr. Cuauhtemoc Ruiz Matus, Coordinator of Comprehensive Family Immunization at PAHO.
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