Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are antibodies often directed against cardiolipin and found in several diseases including syphilis^[1], antiphospholipid syndrome, livedoid vasculitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Behçet's syndrome^[2], idiopathic spontaneous abortion,^[3] and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).^[4] They are a form of anti-mitochondrial antibody. In SLE, The anti-DNA antibodies and anti-cardiolipin act independently.^[5] In rheumatoid arthritis^[6] w/systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)^[7] these antibodies may tie two conditions together.

Additional recommended knowledge

Essential Laboratory Skills Guide

What is the Correct Way to Check Repeatability in Balances?

Correct Test Weight Handling Guide: 12 Practical Tips

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies come can be classified in two ways.

As IgM, IgG or IgA
As β₂-glycoprotein dependent or independent
- In autoimmune disease ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
- syphilis ACA^[1] are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test

Apolipoprotein H involvement

β₂-glycoprotein I has been identified as Apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease.^[8] Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.

References

^ ^a ^b Tringali GR, Julian AJ, Halbert WM (1969). "Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on anticardiolipin reactivity in sera from syphilitics and false positive reactors". The British journal of venereal diseases 45 (3): 202-4. PMID 5346419.
^ Hull RG, Harris EN, Gharavi AE, et al (1984). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: occurrence in Behçet's syndrome". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43 (5): 746-8. PMID 6497467.
^ Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O'Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellmann D (1987). "Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women". Arthritis Rheum. 30 (6): 601-6. PMID 3111489.
^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, et al (1983). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus". Lancet 2 (8361): 1211-4. PMID 6139567.
^ Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S, et al (1985). "Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies". Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology 16 (1): 1-6. PMID 3981615.
^ Keane A, Woods R, Dowding V, Roden D, Barry C (1987). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis". Br. J. Rheumatol. 26 (5): 346-50. PMID 3664159.
^ Malia RG, Greaves M, Rowlands LM, et al (1988). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 73 (3): 456-60. PMID 2974767.
^ McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990). "Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (11): 4120-4. PMID 2349221.

v • d • e Antibodies: autoantibodies
Anti-actin - Anti-apolipoprotein - Anti-cardiolipin - Anti-centromere - Anti-ganglioside - Anti-gp210 - Anti-mitochondrial antibodies - Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody - Anti-nuclear antibody - Anti-p62 - Anti-phopsholipid - Anti-sp100 - Anti-thrombin - Anti-topoisomerase - Anti-transglutaminase - Lupus anticoagulant - Rheumatoid factor -

Categories: Antibodies | Autoimmune diseases | Autoantibodies

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Anti-cardiolipin_antibodies". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.