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Nialamide


Nialamide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-benzyl-3-(N'-pyridin-4-ylcarbonylhydrazino) -propanamide
Identifiers
CAS number	51-12-7
ATC code	N06AF02
PubChem	4472
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₆H₁₈N₄O₂
Mol. mass	298.34 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	Renal^[1]
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Oral, intramuscular,^[2] intravenous^[3]

Nialamide was one of the first MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) antidepressants. It is chemically related to iproniazide, another MAOI derived from isonicotinic acid.

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1 Indications
- 1.1 Depression
- 1.2 Other
2 Adverse effects
3 Tradenames
4 References and End Notes

Indications

Depression

Nialamide is effective for depression characterized by anergic symptoms,^[4] endogenous depression,^[5] and reactive depression.^[6]

Other

Nialamide is sometimes used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. It has also been studied for alcoholism,^[7] dermatomally distributed vitiligo,^[8] irregular menstruation,^[9] angina,^[10] cerebrovascular disorders,^[11] and the prevention of streptomycin-induced deafness.^[12]

Adverse effects

Adverse effects of nialamide include euphoria, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, anxiety, headache, vertigo, tremor, hyperreflexia, manic state, arterial hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, arterial hypertension, palpitations, hyperhidrosis, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, constipation, vision problems, retrobulbar optic neuritis, polyneuritis, weight gain, acute cardiac insufficiency, tachycardia, peripheral neuropathy, jaundice, hepatomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, urinary retention, elevated transaminases, hepatitis, hepatocellular insufficiency, cutaneous eruption, impotence, and delayed ejaculation.^[1]

Tradenames

Nialamide is sold under Psicodisten®, Niaquitil®, Nialamid®, Niamidal®, Niamide®, Novazid®, Nuredal®, Niamid® (Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, England, United States),^[13] Niazin®, Nyazin®, Surgex® (Italy),^[1] Mygal®, Delmoneurina®, Isalizina® (Italy),^[1] Espril® (Italy),^[1] and Nyezin®.^[14]

References and End Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIALAMIDE. BIAM Database (2001). Retrieved on 2005-08-27.
^ Benady DR, Clein LJ, Pare CM (1965). "Intramuscular nialamide in intractable depression". Diseases of the Nervous System 26 (12): 792–4.
^ Oules J, Cabazon (1964). "[TREATMENT OF DEPRESSIVE STATES WITH INTRAVENOUS NIAMIDE.]". Toulouse Medical 65 (1): 1298–302. PMID 14272189.
^ Vaisberg M, McGahee CL, Radinger N, Saunders JC (1959). "Nialamide for the treatment of anergy and depression". Diseases of the Nervous System 20 (Supplemental): 22–5. PMID 13840714.
^ Van Reeth PC, Bloch C (1960). "[Treatment of endogenous depressions by a new inhibitor of monoamine oxidase: nialamide.]". Acta Neurologica Belgica 60 (1): 320–7. PubMed.
^ Cormary M (1966). "[Use of parenteral nialamide in the treatment of reactive or neurotic depressive states]". Lyon Medical 215 (15): 1051–62. PubMed.
^ Bobrov AE, Shurygin AN, Krasil'nikov SB (1991). "[Effectiveness of combined use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic alcoholism]". Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni SS Korsakova. 91 (2): 79–83. PubMed.
^ Koga M (1977). "Vitiligo: a new classification and therapy". British Journal of Dermatology 97 (3): 255–61. PubMed.
^ Gautray JP, Jolivet A (1976). "[Neuroendocrine investigation and therapy of the menstrual cycle disorders (author's transl)(proceedings)]". Annales d'Endocrinologie 37 (4): 293–4. PubMed.
^ Barats SS, Oranskii IE, Kartashova DI, Gorovater EN (1976). "[Comparative clinico-physiological study of the effect of several MAO inhibitors in stenocardia]". Kardiologiia 16 (3): 138–40. PubMed.
^ Mirzoian RS (1975). "[Prevention of cerebrovascular disorders with adrenergic substances]". Biulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny 80 (11): 50–3. PubMed.
^ Semczuk B, Klonowski S, Golabek W (1974). "The protective effect of niamid on hearing in patients treated with large doses of streptomycin". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sectio D: Medicina 29 (1): 193–7. PubMed.
^ Anonymous (2001). NIALAMIDE. Antidepresseurs. BIAM. Retrieved on 2005-08-27.
^ SID 35970 -- PubChem Substance Summary - Depositor-Supplied Synonyms: All. Retrieved on 2005-09-25. National Center for Biotechnology Information.

v • d • e

Psychoanaleptics: antidepressants (N06A)

MAOIs

Iproclozide • Iproniazid • Isocarboxazid • Nialamide • Pargyline • Phenelzine • Rasagiline • Selegiline • Toloxatone • Tranylcypromine
RIMAs: Brofaromine • Beta-carbolines (Harmaline) • Moclobemide

RIs

S RI	SS RI (Alaproclate, Citalopram, Dapoxetine, Escitalopram, Etoperidone, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Zimelidine) • TCAs/Tetras (Clomipramine, Nefazodone, Trazodone)
N RI / A RI	Atomoxetine • Maprotiline • Reboxetine • Viloxazine • TCAs/Tetras (Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Butriptyline, Desipramine/Lofepramine, Dibenzepin, Dothiepin, Doxepin, Imipramine, Iprindole, Melitracen, Nortriptyline, Opipramol, Protriptyline, Trimipramine, Maprotiline)
D RI	Vanoxerine • Phenmetrazine • TCAs (Amineptine)
SN RI	Bicifadine • Desvenlafaxine • Duloxetine • Milnacipran • Nefazodone • Venlafaxine
ND RI	Bupropion
SND RI	Brasofensine • Tesofensine • Nomifensine