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Neuromuscular disease



Neuromuscular disease
Classification & external resources
MeSH D009468

Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and ailments that either directly (via intrinsic muscle pathology) or indirectly (animal muscle in general.

Neuromuscular diseases are those that affect the muscles and/or their nervous control. In general, problems with nervous control can cause spasticity or paralysis, depending on the location and nature of the problem. A large proportion of neurological disorders leads to problems with movement, ranging from cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and Parkinson's disease to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Contents

Symptoms

Symptoms of muscle disease may include weakness or spasticity/rigidity, myoclonus (twitching, spasming) and myalgia (muscle pain). Diagnostic procedures that may reveal muscular disorders include testing creatine kinase levels in the blood and electromyography (measuring electrical activity in muscles).

Causes

Diseases of the motor end plate include myasthenia gravis, a form of muscle weakness due to antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, and its related condition Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Tetanus and botulism are bacterial infections in which bacterial toxins cause increased or decreased muscle tone, respectively.

The myopathies are all diseases affecting the muscle itself, rather than its nervous control.

Muscular dystrophy is a large group of diseases, many of them hereditary, where the muscle integrity is disrupted. It leads to progressive loss of strength, high dependence and decreased life span.

Inflammatory muscle disorders

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of muscular tissue due to any cause. While it may not lead to any muscular symptoms at all, the myoglobin thus released may cause acute renal failure.

Tumors

Tumors of muscle include:

Smooth muscle has been implicated to play a role in a large number of diseases affecting blood vessels, the respiratory tract (e.g., asthma), the digestive system (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome) and the urinary tract (e.g., urinary incontinence). These disease processes are not usually confined to the muscular tissue.

Injury

Injuries of muscles include wounds and strains.


See also

  • Muscle
  • ICD-10 Chapter XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Neuromuscular_disease". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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