The GLutamate ASpartate Transporter (GLAST) is a protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is part of the malate-aspartate shuttle.[1] GLAST is also often called the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).
GLAST mediates the transport of glutamic and aspartic acid with the cotransport of three Na+ and one H+ cations and counter transport of one K+ cation. This co-transport coupling allows the transport of glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient.[2]
Tissue distribution
GLAST is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.[3][4] In the retina, GLAST is expressed in Muller cells.[5] GLAST is also expressed in a number of other tissues including cardiac myocytes.[1]
^ ab Ralphe JC, Segar JL, Schutte BC, Scholz TD (2004). "Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.37 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733.
^ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflugers Arch.447 (5): 469–79. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.
^ Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, Stoffel W (1992). "Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.89 (22): 10955–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMID 1279699.
^ Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N, Kuncl RW (1994). "Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters". Neuron13 (3): 713–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301.
^ Rauen T, Taylor WR, Kuhlbrodt K, Wiessner M (1998). "High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance". Cell Tissue Res.291 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040.
^ Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP, Howard BD, Baloh RW (2005). "Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures". Neurology65 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111.
Amino acid (CD98) - Fatty acid (CD36) - Ion channels - Ion pumps - Mitochondrial membrane transport protein - Neurotransmitter transport proteins - Nuclear (Karyopherin)