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Foramina of the skull



The following is a list of holes, or foramina, in the base of the skull and what goes through each of them. Arranged from anterior to posterior:

Contents

List of foramina

bone location foramen vessels nerves
frontal - supraorbital foramen supraorbital artery, supraorbital vein supraorbital nerve
frontal anterior cranial fossa foramen cecum emissary veins to superior sagittal sinus -
ethmoid - foramina of cribriform plate - olfactory nerve bundles (I)
ethmoid anterior cranial fossa anterior ethmoidal foramen anterior ethmoidal artery
anterior ethmoidal vein 		anterior ethmoidal nerve
ethmoid anterior cranial fossa posterior ethmoidal foramen posterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal vein 		posterior ethmoidal nerve
sphenoid - optic canal ophthalmic artery optic nerve (II)
sphenoid middle cranial fossa superior orbital fissure superior ophthalmic vein
inferior ophthalmic vein 		oculomotor nerve (III)
trochlear nerve (IV)
lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
abducens nerve (VI)
sphenoid middle cranial fossa foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve (V2)
maxilla - incisive foramen/incisive canals - nasopalatine nerve
palatine - greater palatine foramen - greater palatine nerve
palatine and maxilla - lesser palatine foramina - lesser palatine nerve
palatine and maxilla - inferior orbital fissure inferior ophthalmic veins
infraorbital artery
infraorbital vein 		zygomatic nerve and infraorbital nerve of maxillary nerve (V2)
orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
maxilla - infraorbital foramen infraorbital artery
infraorbital vein 		infraorbital nerve
sphenoid middle cranial fossa foramen ovale accessory meningeal artery mandibular nerve (V3)
lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally)
sphenoid middle cranial fossa foramen spinosum middle meningeal artery meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve
sphenoid - pterygoid canal artery of the pterygoid canal nerve of pterygoid canal
sphenoid and palatine - sphenopalatine foramen sphenopalatine artery -
sphenoid, temporal, and occipital middle cranial fossa foramen lacerum
(or carotid canal) 		internal carotid artery internal carotid nerve plexus
temporal posterior cranial fossa internal acoustic meatus labyrinthine artery facial nerve (VII)
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
temporal - stylomastoid foramen stylomastoid artery facial nerve
temporal - mastoid foramen emissary vein -
temporal - petrotympanic fissure - chorda tympani
occipital and temporal posterior cranial fossa jugular foramen posterior meningeal artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
inferior petrosal sinus
sigmoid sinus
internal jugular vein 		glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
vagus nerve (X)
accessory nerve (XI)
occipital - hypoglossal canal - hypoglossal nerve (XII)
occipital - condylar canal occipital emissary vein -
occipital posterior cranial fossa foramen magnum vertebral arteries
meningeal branches of vertebral arteries 		medulla oblongata
spinal roots of accessory nerves
parietal - parietal foramen emissary vein -
mandible - mental foramen mental artery
mental vein 		mental nerve
mandible - mandibular foramen inferior alveolar artery
inferior alveolar vein 		inferior alveolar nerve
zygomatic - zygomaticofacial foramen - zygomaticofacial nerve
zygomatic - zygomaticotemporal foramen - zygomaticotemporal nerve

Base of skull

Upper surface


Inferior surface


v • d • e
Foramina of the skull (and canals and fissures)
Foraminacecum - ethmoidal (anterior, posterior) - incisive - jugular - lacerum - magnum - mandibular - mastoid - mental - optic - orbital (infraorbital, supraorbital) - ovale - palatine (greater, lesser) - parietal - rotundum - sphenopalatine - spinosum - stylomastoid - zygomaticofacial - zygomaticotemporal
Canalscarotid - condylar - hypoglossal - incisive - pterygoid
Fissuresorbital (inferior, superior) - petrotympanic
otherexternal acoustic meatus - internal acoustic meatus - cribriform plate
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Foramina_of_the_skull". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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