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Adenosine monophosphate



Adenosine monophosphate
IUPAC name 5'-Adenylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 61-19-8
MeSH Adenosine+monophosphate
SMILES O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]
(O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O)
N2C3=C(N=C2)C(N)=NC=N3)O
Properties
Molecular formula C10H14N5O7P
Molar mass 347.22 g/mol
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.

Contents

Production and degradation

AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase by combining two ADP molecules:

2 ADP → ATP + AMP

Italic text

[[Image:Example.jpgInsert non-formatted text hereSuperscript text]]

Or AMP may be produced by the hydrolysis of one high energy phosphate bond of ADP:

ADP → AMP + Pi

AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate:

ATP → AMP + PPi

When RNA is broken down by living systems, nucleoside monophosphates, including adenosine monophosphate, are formed.

AMP can be regenerated to ATP as follows:

AMP + ATP → 2 ADP (adenylate kinase in the opposite direction)
2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 ATP (this step is most often performed in aerobes by the ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation)

AMP can be converted into IMP by the enzyme myoadenylate deaminase, freeing an ammonia group.

In a catabolic pathway, adenosine monophosphate can be converted to uric acid, which is excreted from the body.

cAMP

AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic AMP (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as adrenaline or glucagon. cAMP plays an important role in intracellular signaling.

Application as a bitterness suppressor

To human tastes, the bitterness-suppressing quality of AMP interprets as food seeming 'sweeter'. This makes lower-calorie food products more palatable, making AMP potentially a lucrative solution for food manufacturers as they respond to pressure from consumers and regulators concerned about social trends towards obesity.[1] AMP has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Nucleotide compounds that block the bitter taste of oral compositions patent by Linguagen Corp)
  2. ^ Bitter Blocker Backed



Nucleobases: Purine (Adenine, Guanine) | Pyrimidine (Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine)
Nucleosides: Adenosine/Deoxyadenosine | Guanosine/Deoxyguanosine | Uridine | Thymidine | Cytidine/Deoxycytidine
Nucleotides: monophosphates (AMP, GMP, UMP, CMP) | diphosphates (ADP, GDP, UDP, CDP) | triphosphates (ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP) | cyclic (cAMP, cGMP, cADPR)
Deoxynucleotides: monophosphates (dAMP, dGMP, TMP, dCMP) | diphosphates (dADP, dGDP, TDP, dCDP) | triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, TTP, dCTP)
Ribonucleic acids: RNA | mRNA (pre-mRNA/hnRNA) | tRNA | rRNA | gRNA | miRNA | ncRNA | piRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | snoRNA
Deoxyribonucleic acids: DNA | cDNA | gDNA | msDNA | mtDNA
Nucleic acid analogues: GNA | LNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino
Cloning vectors: phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Adenosine_monophosphate". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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