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Regulator of G protein signalling



Regulator of G protein signaling domain
Identifiers
Symbol RGS
Pfam PF00615
InterPro IPR000342
SMART RGS
SCOP 1gia
OPM protein 2bcj
Available PDB structures:

2af0A:83-198 2crpA:64-179 1agrH:62-175 1ezyA:62-177 1eztA:62-177 2bt2A:65-180 2bv1A:72-186 1cmzA:90-205 1zv4X:84-199 1fqjB:299-413 1fqkD:299-413 1fqiA:299-413 2a72A:333-447 2es0A:336-441 1emuA:88-210 1dk8A:88-210 1ym7D:54-174 1omwA:54-174 2bcjA:54-174

Regulators of G protein signaling (or RGS) are protein structural domains that activate GTPases for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits.

RGS are multi-functional, GTPase-accelerating proteins that promot e GTP hydrolysis by the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, thereby inactivating the G protein and rapidly switching off G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways[1]. Upon activation by GPCRs, heterotrimeric G proteins exchange GDP for GTP, are released from the receptor, and dissociate into free, active GTP-bound alpha subunit and beta-gamma dimer, both of which activate downstream effectors. The response is terminated upon GTP hydrolysis by the alpha subunit (IPR001019), which can then bind the beta-gamma dimer (IPR001632 IPR001770) and the receptor. RGS proteins markedly reduce the lifespan of GTP-bound alpha subunits by stabilising the G protein transition state.

All RGS proteins contain an RGS-box (or RGS domain), which is required for activity. Some small RGS proteins such as RGS1 and RGS4 are comprised of little more than an RGS domain, while others also contain additional domai ns that confer further functionality[2].

RGS domains can be found within the same protein in combination with a variety of other domains, including: DEP for membrane targeting (IPR000591), PDZ for binding to GPCRs (IPR001478), PTB for phosphotyrosine-binding (IPR006020), RBD for Ras-binding (IPR003116), GoLoco for guanine nucleotide inhibitor activity (IPR003109), PX for phosphatidylinositol-binding (IPR001683), PXA that is associated with PX (IPR003114), PH for stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange (IPR001849), and GGL (G protein gamma subunit-like) for binding G protein beta subunits (IPR001770)[3]. Those RGS proteins that contain GGL domains can interact with G protein beta subunits to form novel dimers that prevent G protein gamma subunit binding and G protein alpha subunit association, thereby preventing heterotrimer formation.

Human proteins containing this domain

ADRBK1; ADRBK2; AXIN1; AXIN2; GRK1; GRK4; GRK5; GRK6; GRK7; RGS1; RGS10; RGS11; RGS12; RGS13; RGS14; RGS16; RGS17; RGS18; RGS19; RGS2; RGS20; RGS21; RGS3; RGS4; RGS5; RGS6; RGS7; RGS8; RGS9; RK; SNX13;

References

  1. ^ De Vries L, Farquhar MG, Zheng B, Fischer T, Elenko E (2000). "The regulator of G protein signaling family". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 40: 235-271. PMID 10836135.
  2. ^ Burchett SA (2000). "Regulators of G protein signaling: a bestiary of modular protein binding domains". J. Neurochem. 75 (4): 1335-1351. PMID 10987813.
  3. ^ Dohlman HG, Chasse SA (2003). "RGS proteins: G protein-coupled receptors meet their match". Assay Drug Dev Technol 1 (2): 357-364. PMID 15090201.

Further reading

  • [1]. Structure of RGS4 bound to AlF4--activated G(i alpha1): stabilization of the transition state for GTP hydrolysis. Tesmer JJ, Berman DM, Gilman AG, Sprang SR; Cell 1997;89:251-261. PubMed
  • [2]. Inhibition of G-protein signaling by dominant gain-of-function mutations in Sst2p, a pheromone desensitization factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dohlman HG, Apaniesk D, Chen Y, Song J, Nusskern D; Mol Cell Biol 1995;15:3635-3643. PubMed
  • [3]. RGS family members: GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits. Watson N, Linder ME, Druey KM, Kehrl JH, Blumer KJ; Nature 1996;383:172-175. PubMed
  • [4]. GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits. Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG; Cell 1996;86:445-452. PubMed
  • [5]. GAIP, a protein that specifically interacts with the trimeric G protein G alpha i3, is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved core domain. De Vries L, Mousli M, Wurmser A, Farquhar MG; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:11916-11920. PubMed
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Regulator_of_G_protein_signalling". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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