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Haplogroup I1a (Y-DNA)



In human genetics, Haplogroup I1a (M253, M307, P30, P40) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup occurring at greatest frequency in Scandinavia. It displays a very clear frequency gradient, with a peak frequency of approximately 35% among the populations of southern Norway, southwestern Sweden, and Denmark, and rapidly decreasing frequencies toward the edges of the historically Germanic-influenced world.

Bryan Sykes in his book Blood of the Isles & his other book Saxons, Vikings & Celts gives the populations associated with I1a the name of the nordic deity Wodan for a clan patriarch, much as he did for mitochondrial haplogroups in his work The Seven Daughters of Eve.

Contents

Distribution

Outside Fennoscandia, distribution of Haplogroup I1a is closely correlated with that of Haplogroup I1b2; but among Scandinavians (including both Germanic and Uralic peoples of the region) nearly all the Haplogroup I Y-chromosomes are I1a. It is conjectured that this shared ancestral population of I1a and I2b, distinct from I1b1*, may have weathered the last ice age in a refuge located somewhere in the Iberian Peninsula or southern France, or perhaps the Italian Peninsula; after the end of the ice age, some of them headed northward and repopulated Northwest Europe and Scandinavia. This population appears to have carried haplogroups I1a and I1b2 at significant frequencies, with a numerical superiority of Haplogroup I1a. However, Ken Nordtvedt claims that I1a probably came into existence after the last glacial maximum. [1] Their descendants are primarily found among the Germanic populations of Northern Europe and the bordering Uralic and Celtic populations. Although even in traditionally Germanic demographics, the carriers of I1a are often overshadowed by the more prevalent carriers of Haplogroup R.

When SNPs are unknown or untested, haplogroup I1a can be predicted correctly with a very high rate of accuracy as having 8 allele repeats at DYS 455. The said value of which is nearly exclusive & ubiquitous to the I1a haplogroup, with only a very few having a 7, 9 or otherwise different STR value at that marker.

Modal haplotypes of I1a

Professor Ken Nordtvedt has given the following 'modal haplotypes' within the I1a haplogroup according to examples found in I1a populations.[2]

I1a Anglo-Saxon (I1a-AS) Has its peak gradient in the Germanic lowland countries: north Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, as well as the British Isles & old Norman regions of France.

DYS number 385a 385b 388 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 426 437 439 447 448 449 454 455 458 459a 459b
Haplotype 13 14 14 12 28 22 10 11 13 11 16 11 23 20 28 11 8 15 8 9
DYS number 425 438 441 442 444 445 446 452 456 460 461 462 463 464a 464b 464c 464d 570 576 607 CDYa CDYb YCAIIa YCAIIb
Haplotype 12 10 16 12 13 11 13 12 14 10 12 12 19 12 14 15 16 14 19 21

I1a Norse (I1a-N) Has its peak gradient in Sweden.

DYS number 385a 385b 388 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 426 437 439 447 448 449 454 455 458 459a 459b
Haplotype 14 14 14 12 28 23 10 11 13 11 16 11 23 20 28 11 8 15 8 9
DYS number 425 438 441 442 444 445 446 452 456 460 461 462 463 464a 464b 464c 464d 570 576 607 CDYa CDYb YCAIIa YCAIIb
Haplotype 12 10 16 12 13 11 13 12 14 10 12 13 19 12 14 15 16 14 19 21

I1a Norse-Bothnia (I1a-N-Finn) Has its peak gradient in Finland.

DYS number 385a 385b 388 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 426 437 439 447 448 449 454 455 458 459a 459b
Haplotype 14 14 14 12 28 23 10 11 13 11 16 10 23 20 28;29 11 8 15 8 9
DYS number 425 438 441 442 444 445 446 452 456 460 461 462 463 464a 464b 464c 464d 570 576 607 CDYa CDYb YCAIIa YCAIIb
Haplotype 12 10 16 12 13 11 13 12 14 10 12 13 19 12 14 15 15 14 19 21

I1a Ultra-Norse Type 1 (I1a-uN1) Has its peak gradient in Norway.

DYS number 385a 385b 388 389i 389ii 390 391 392 393 426 437 439 447 448 449 454 455 458 459a 459b
Haplotype 14 15 14 12 28 23 10 11 13 11 16 11 23 20 28;29 11 8 15 8 9
DYS number 425 438 441 442 444 445 446 452 456 460 461 462 463 464a 464b 464c 464d 570 576 607 CDYa CDYb YCAIIa YCAIIb
Haplotype 12 10 16 12 13 11 13 12 14 10 12 13 19 12 14 15 16 14 19 21

Technical specification of mutation

The technical details of M253 are:

Nucleotide change: C to T
Position (base pair): 283
Total size (base pairs): 400
Forward 5′→ 3′: gcaacaatgagggtttttttg
Reverse 5′→ 3′: cagctccacctctatgcagttt

Subclades

  • I1a (M253, M307, P30, P40, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S107, S108, S109, S110, S111)
    • I1a*
    • I1a1 (M227) formerly I1a4
      • I1a1a (M72) formerly I1a3
    • I1a2 (M21)

Relationship to other haplogroups

Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups

Y-most recent common ancestor
|
A BR
B CR
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJ K
I J L M NO P
N O Q R
Haplogroup I
Haplogroup I1
Haplogroup I1a
Haplogroup I1a1

Haplogroup I1a1a



Haplogroup I1a2




Haplogroup I1b



Haplogroup I1*




Haplogroup I*




Famous members

See also: List of genetic results derived from historical figures

Alexander Hamilton, through genealogy and the testing of his descendants, has been placed within Y-DNA haplogroup I1a.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ [3]
  4. ^ [4]

See also

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Haplogroup_I1a_(Y-DNA)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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