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Mandibular nerve



Nerve: Mandibular nerve
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
Latin n. mandibularis
Gray's subject #200 893
From trigeminal nerve
MeSH Mandibular+Nerve
Dorlands/Elsevier n_05/12566125

The mandibular nerve (V3) is the largest of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Contents

Structure

Roots

It is made up of two roots:

  • a large sensory root proceeding from the inferior angle of the trigeminal ganglion.
  • a small motor root (the motor part of the trigeminal), which passes beneath the ganglion, and unites with the sensory root, just after its exit through the foramen ovale.

Path

The two roots (sensory and motor) exit the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale. The two roots then combine. The nerve descends, soon splitting into an anterior division and a posterior division.

Immediately in the infratemporal fossa beneath the base of the skull, the nerve gives off two branches from its medial side: a recurrent branch (nervus spinosus) and the nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle. The mandibular nerve then divides into two trunks, an anterior and a posterior.

Branches

  The mandibular nerve gives off the following branches:

  • From the main trunk of the nerve (before the division)
    • nervus spinosus (meningeal branch)
    • medial pterygoid nerve
    • nerve to tensor tympani
    • nerve to tensor veli palatini
  • From the anterior division
    • masseteric nerve
    • deep temporal nerves (anterior and posterior)
    • buccal nerve (a sensory nerve)
    • lateral pterygoid nerve

 

  • From the posterior division

The mandibular nerve also gives off branches to the otic ganglion

Supplies

The mandibular nerve innervates:

  • mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
  • the inside of the cheek (the buccal mucosa)
  • teeth and gums of the mandible
  • skin of the temporal region
  • auricula
  • lower lip, and chin
  • muscles of mastication
  • the muscles tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

See also

  • Ophthalmic nerve
  • Maxillary nerve

Additional images

v • d • e
Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves
I-IVolfactory • optic • oculomotor (superior branch, inferior branch) • trochlear
V: trigeminaltrigeminal ganglion • ophthalmic • maxillary • mandibular
VI: abducensno significant branches
VII: facialnervus intermedius • geniculate • inside facial canal (greater petrosal, nerve to the stapedius, chorda tympani) • at exit from stylomastoid foramen (posterior auricular, digastric • stylohyoid) • on face (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical)
VIII: vestibulocochlearcochlear (striae medullares, lateral lemniscus) • vestibular (Scarpa's ganglion)
IX: glossopharyngealnucleus ambiguus • ganglia (superior, petrous) • tympanic (tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal) • carotid sinus • pharyngeal branches • pharyngeal plexus
X: vagusganglia (jugular, nodose) • in the jugular fossa (meningeal branch, auricular branch) • in the neck (pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal ext and int, recurrent laryngeal, superior cervical cardiac) • in the thorax (inferior cardiac, pulmonary branches, anterior vagal trunk, posterior vagal trunk) • in the abdomen (celiac branches - renal branches - hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk - anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk - posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk)
XI-XIIaccessory • hypoglossal
v • d • e
The cranial nerves: trigeminal nerve
V1 - ophthalmiclacrimal • frontal (supratrochlear, supraorbital) • nasociliary (long root of ciliary, long ciliary, infratrochlear, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal)
parasympathetic ganglion: ciliary ganglion (short ciliary)
V2 - maxillarymiddle meningeal

in the pterygopalatine fossa (zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, sphenopalatine, posterior superior alveolar)

in the infraorbital canal/infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar)

on the face (inferior palpebral, external nasal, superior labial, infraorbital plexus)

parasympathetic ganglion: pterygopalatine ganglion (deep petrosal, nerve of pterygoid canal) - branches of distribution (greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, pharyngeal)
V3 - mandibularmeningeal • medial pterygoid

anterior (masseteric, deep temporal, buccal, lateral pterygoid)

posterior (auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid, mental)

parasympathetic ganglion: otic ganglion • submandibular ganglion
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mandibular_nerve". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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