Fantome Island

  Fantome Island is one of the islands in the Great Palm Island group. It is neighboured by Palm Island and is 65km north-east of Townsville, Queensland on the east coast of Australia.

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A leprosarium was established on the island in 1927. Upon its closure in 1974,^[1] it was purged by fire. The island is the site of 200 graves.

The island was also a mission under the influence of Franciscan Missionaries of Mary

The Aboriginal name for this island is Eumilli Island.

In 1932 the head of the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, Dr Raphael Cilento, described his vision for Fantome:

The whole (local)population should be worked through Fantome & then regraded into new cases, incurable aged, incurable young & part cured & thence drafted when clean back into Palm from which they can be sent out into the mainland to be (1) assimilated if white enough; (2) employed under supervision & protection; or (3) kept on Palm as minor officials or peasant proprietors working personal strips around a collective farm. (in Yarwood, 1991: 63) ^[2]

History

In Queensland in 1920 there were 31 lepers and they were mostly Aborigines, though their numbers also included Torres Strait Islanders, Kanakas, Europeans and Asians. This figure represents a decline in the number of Aborigines contracting the disease of whom there had been 35 in 1910. The number of infected Aborigines rose to 36 in 1925, so it was obvious that leprosy was not about to disappear. The regions from which the new cases came were all in the north. A number of towns in the north such as Bundaberg, Innisfail and Ingham provided one leper each and two came from Cardwell. Leprosy had therefore become a disease of the north: no further new cases were reported from the southern areas of the State after 1925.

By that year two leprosaria, one at Fantome Island and another at Peel Island, had been established to house lepers. The numbers of people admitted to Peel Island fluctuated during the mid 1920s and rose to 47 new cases in 1928. Although no new cases were reported in 1929 the reason might have been the secrecy with which this whole issue was managed by the Queensland Health authorities and the inability of the health regime to locate and track down the source of infection. This was not a simple problem and it persisted well into the next decade.

Dr Raphael Cilento endeavoured to describe the problem in one of his reports. He wrote that when Kuranda (Mona Mona) reserve started in 1914, the majority of the Aborigines brought there belonged to the Mareeba tribe, a closely knit group. There were a few others from as far north as the Gulf region and some from Mossman, and a large number had been born in fringe-camps and had grown up close to white settlement knowing no other life. The first case of leprosy reported among Aborigines in the region ‘was an old woman, Nellie, who died in 1916.’ According to native accounts this woman’s toes ‘looked as if they would drop off’, she ‘was covered with sores’, and she was avoided by other natives. Her principal contacts and relatives [were] known and she [had] no known descendants at the settlement. ^[3]

Aerial photos & maps

• Fantome Island is at coordinates 18°41′10″S 146°31′08″E / -18.686, 146.519Coordinates: 18°41′10″S 146°31′08″E / -18.686, 146.519

References

1. ^ Matt Robbins Island for wayward juveniles The Australian, published 4 January 2000 p4
2. ^ Professor Ernst Hunter Keynote Lecture Cairns, November 2000 http://www.iap.org.au/ehunter.pdf
3. ^ Indigenous health in Western Australia and Queensland,1900-1940, Thesis of Gordon Briscoe, Australian National University http://histrsss.anu.edu.au/briscoe/