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BBCH-scale (cotton)



The BBCH-scale (cotton) identifies the phenological development stages of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.

A downloadable version [[1]] of the BBCH Scales, including illustrations, is available from the BBA [[2]] (Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry)

Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of cotton
Code Description
Principal growth stage 0: Germination
00 Dry seed
01 Beginning of seed imbibition
03 Seed imbibition complete
05 Radicle emerged from seed
06 Elongation of radicle
07 Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat
08 Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface
09 Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through soil surface (“crook stage”)
Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (Main shoot)
10 Cotyledons completely unfolded1
11 First true leaf unfolded1
12 2nd true leaf unfolded1
13 3rd true leaf unfolded1
1 . Stages continuous till . . .
19 9 or more true leaves unfolded;1 no side shoots visible2
Principal growth stage 2: Formation of side shoots3
21 First vegetative side shoot (2nd order) visible
22 2 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
23 3 vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
2 . Stages continuous till . . .
29 9 or more vegetative side shoots (2nd order) visible
Principal growth stage 3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover)
31 Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meet between rows
32 20% of plants meet between rows
33 30% of plants meet between rows
34 40% of plants meet between rows
35 50% of plants meet between rows
36 60% of plants meet between rows
37 70% of plants meet between rows
38 80% of plants meet between rows
39 Canopy closure: 90% of the plants meet between rows
Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence (Main shoot)
51 First floral buds detectable (“pin-head square”)4
52 First floral buds visible (“match-head square”)4
55 Floral buds distinctly enlarged
59 Petals visible: floral buds still closed
Principal growth stage 6: Flowering
60 First flowers opened (sporadically within the population)
61 Beginning of flowering (“Early bloom”): 5–6 blooms / 25 ft of row (= 5–6 blooms / 7.5 meter of row)
65 Full flowering: (“Mid bloom”): 11 and more blooms / 25 ft of row = 11 and more blooms / 7.5 meter of row
67 Flowering finishing: majority of flowers faded (“Late bloom”)
69 End of flowering
Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruits and seeds
71 About 10% of bolls have attained their final size
72 About 20% of bolls have attained their final size
73 About 30% of bolls have attained their final size
74 About 40% of bolls have attained their final size
75 About 50% of bolls have attained their final size
76 About 60% of bolls have attained their final size
77 About 70% of bolls have attained their final size
78 About 80% of bolls have attained their final size
79 About 90% of bolls have attained their final size
Principal growth stage 8: Ripening of fruits and seeds
80 First open bolls on the first fruiting branches
81 Beginning of boll opening: about 10% of bolls open. Nodes Above White Flower (NAWF)
82 About 20% of bolls open
83 About 30% of bolls open. Nodes Above Cracked Boll (NACB)
84 About 40% of bolls open
85 About 50% of bolls open
86 About 60% of bolls open
87 About 70% of bolls open
88 About 80% of bolls open
89 About 90% of bolls open
Principal growth stage 9: Senescence
91 About 10% of leaves discoloured or fallen
92 About 20% of leaves discoloured or fallen
93 About 30% of leaves discoloured or fallen
94 About 40% of leaves discoloured or fallen
95 About 50% of leaves discoloured or fallen
96 About 60% of leaves discoloured or fallen
97 Above ground parts of plant dead; plant dormant
99 Harvested product (bolls and seeds)

1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0)
2 Side shoot development may occur earlier, if there is a vegetative side shoot continue with principal growth stage 2. If there is a reproductive side shoot (fruiting branch) continue with the principal growth stage 5
3 Vegetative side shoots are counted from the cotyledon node
4 “pin-head square” or “match-head square” is the first square which forms at the first fruiting position of the first fruiting branch

References

Munger, L.; H. Bleiholder, H. Hack, M. Hess, R. Stauss, T. van den Boom, E. Weber (1998). "Phenological Growth Stages of the Peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) Codification and Description according to the BBCH Scale – with figures.". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 180: 101 - 107.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "BBCH-scale_(cotton)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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