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News refractive index

• MIT creates 3-D images of living cell

  A new imaging technique developed at MIT has allowed scientists to create the first 3D images of a living cell, using a method similar to the X-ray CT scans doctors use to see inside the body. The technique, described in a paper published in Nature Methods, could be used to produce the most detailed more

White papers refractive index

• Analysis of water soluble polymers using linear size exclusion HPLC columns and a semi-micro SEC system
  

  One of the most widely used water-soluble polymers is Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). For more than 70 years it is applied in a variety of applications in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics and industrial production. PVP binds to polar molecules exceptionally well. It supports the solubility of tablets in water, makes the glue stick adhesive and plays an essential role in the production of membranes. In ceramic, paper and dye applications, it produces visual effects such as gloss and brilliancy. As a food additive, PVP is a stabilizer (E1201). A characteristic feature of a certain polymer is its molecular weight distribution curve, which is usually obtained by SEC Analysis more

• New since 5000 years
  

  Although the ancient Egyptians already used inks 5000 years ago, inks and their properties have been continuously improved and refined over thousands of years. Nevertheless, the basic principle of tinta acqua (colored water) remains the same. Today, in addition to inks based on dissolved dyes, there are many which contain pigments in solid form. Unlike dyes, pigments do not dissolve in the medium but are present in dispersed form, e.g. as suspensions. Pigment-based inks have an advantage over those containing dissolved dyes: after drying, they are light-stable and less sensitive towards water or other solvents. They also have higher color intensity. This is an important criterion for the 'permanent document' quality rating more

• Field-Flow Fractionation - The Universal Separation Principle for Particle and Macromolecule Characterization
  

  High molecular weight polymers, bio molecules or particles in a range of a few nanometers up to several microns are more and more important in science and technology. Many applications are based on the specific properties of these materials. For this reason, an exact knowledge of the molar mass or particle sizes distribution is essential for later application as well as for optimization of the production processes or quality control. In addition the knowledge about the chain structure of macromolecules or biopolymers as well as about the shape of particles is often necessary. For this reason those samples, which often can be very complex systems, have to be separated according to parameters such as e.g. hydrodynamic volume or molecular weight. After the separation process the resulting narrow dispersed fractions are detected with different techniques. more

Publications refractive index

• Graphene-Based Waveguides: Novel Method for Detecting Biological Activity

  We demonstrate the fabrication of a biosensor based on graphene coupled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) waveguide. Biosensors work on the principle of local evanescent graphene-coupled wave sensor. It is observed that the evanescent field shifts in the presence of chemical or biological species as more

• KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE HYDROGENATION PROCESS – THE STATE OF THE ART

  Abstract It is just over a century ago that the first industrial hydrogenation plant for edible oils was commissioned. Although at that time several fatty acids had been identified, the analytical characterization of these oils was mainly by physical properties like melting point, density and ref more

• Alignment and Calibration of Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy Systems

  Live cell fluorescent microscopy is important in elucidating dynamic cellular processes such as cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeleton remodeling. Often, transient intermediate states are revealed only when imaged and quantitated at the single-molecule, vesicle, or organelle level. more

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