The function of proteins can be studied in cultured cells using two distinctly different methodologies, both involving the transfection of DNA or RNA into cultured cells. The protein can be over-expressed in cells by transfecting the gene that codes for the protein, or the expression of the protein can be decreased by introduction of short segments of interfering RNA termed either siRNA (short) or miRNA (micro). In the second method, the term gene knockdown, knockout, or gene silencing is used to define the decrease in the protein of interest. X-tremeGENE siRNA Transfection Reagent has proven very effective for delivery of both siRNA and miRNA, resulting in high levels of knockdown. more