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11 Current news of Carnegie Institution for Science

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Plant regulatory proteins 'tagged' with sugar

31-Jan-2017 - New work from Carnegie's Shouling Xu and Zhiyong Wang reveals that the process of synthesizing many important master proteins in plants involves extensive modification, or "tagging" by sugars after the protein is assembled. Their work uncovers both similarity and distinction between plants and ...

building blocks cell biology DNA +4
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Feeding the world by rewiring plant 'mouths'

05-Jul-2016 - Plants have tiny pores on their leaves called stomata through which they take in carbon dioxide from the air and from which water evaporates. New work from the lab of Dominique Bergmann, honorary adjunct staff member at Carnegie's Department of Plant Biology and professor at Stanford University, ...

animal feed Arabidopsis thaliana biology +5
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How plants protect photosynthesis from oxygen

01-Mar-2016 - During the daytime, plants convert the Sun's energy into sugars using photosynthesis, a complex, multi-stage biochemical process. New work from a team including Carnegie's Mark Heinnickel, Wenqiang Yang, and Arthur Grossman identified a protein needed for assembling the photosynthetic apparatus ...

cell biology Chlamydomonas oxygen +1
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Plant metabolic protein tailored for nighttime growth

18-Nov-2015 - Everyone who took high school biology learned that photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae and select bacteria transform the Sun's energy into chemical energy during the daytime. But these photosynthetic organisms activate other biochemical pathways at night, when they generate ...

algae Chlamydomonas Chlamydomonas reinhardtii +5
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Decoding cell division's mysterious spindle matrix

21-Sep-2015 - It's known that the act of chromosome separation is facilitated by a structure called the spindle, a framework composed of interconnected fibrous microtubules. The two copies of each chromosome (made through DNA replication) are attached to the spindle's microtubule fibers and then moved apart to ...

cell division microtubules Xenopus laevis
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Greenhouse gases' millennia-long ocean legacy

07-Aug-2015 - Continuing current carbon dioxide (CO2) emission trends throughout this century and beyond would leave a legacy of heat and acidity in the deep ocean. These changes would linger even if the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration were to be restored to pre-industrial levels at some point in the ...

acidity carbon dioxide carbon emissions +2
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Fatty acids crucial to embryonic development

16-Dec-2013 - One classical question in developmental biology is how different tissue types arise in the correct position of the developing embryo. While one signaling pathway that controls this process has been well described, unexpected findings from a team led by Carnegie's Steven Farber reveal the ...

brain development embryos enzymes +3

Amoeba may offer key clue to photosynthetic evolution

29-Feb-2012 - The major difference between plant and animal cells is the photosynthetic process, which converts light energy into chemical energy. When light isn't available, energy is generated by breaking down carbohydrates and sugars, just as it is in animal and some bacterial cells. Two cellular organelles ...

chloroplasts chromatophores cyanobacteria +1

Steroids control gas exchange in plants

07-Feb-2012 - Plants leaves are sealed with a gas-tight wax layer to prevent water loss. Plants breathe through microscopic pores called stomata (Greek for mouths) on the surfaces of leaves. Over 40% of the carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere passes through stomata each year, as well a water volume twice ...

photosynthesis steroids stomata

How pathogens hijack host plants

29-Nov-2010 - Infestation by bacteria and other pathogens result in global crop losses of over $500 billion annually. A research team led by the Carnegie Institution's Department of Plant Biology developed a novel trick for identifying how pathogens hijack plant nutrients to take over the organism. They ...

bacteria biology China +11