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356 Current news from Japan

Skin cancer-causing fusion gene identified

03-Nov-2015 - Angiosarcoma is a malignant cancer of the endothelial cells of blood or lymphatic vessels. Cutaneous angiosarcoma, a form of skin cancer, commonly occurs on the scalp of elderly people and can rapidly metastasize to the liver, lungs or lymph nodes. Its five-year survival rate is famously poor at ...

cutaneous angiosarcoma fusion genes Kumamoto University +1
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Key findings to develop a vaccine against Toxoplasma

02-Nov-2015 - Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite which causes the development of fatal encephalosis or pneumonia in immunodeficient patients under treatment of AIDS or cancer. Pregnant women who are infected may suffer a miscarriage or the newborn child may suffer from a congenital disease. Currently, a ...

antigens Osaka University Toxoplasma gondii +2
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Molecular characteristics of mammalian melanopsins for non-visual photoreception

12-Oct-2015 - Researchers at Institute for Molecular Sciences reported that a mammalian photoreceptive protein melanopsin spontaneously releases the chromophore retinal. The property would be important to regulate non-visual photoreception in mammals. This work was carried out as a collaborative work of Drs. ...

chronobiology circadian clock Institute for Molecular Science +7

Investigational KW-0761 efficiently depletes immune system-suppressing Treg cells

02-Oct-2015 - In a phase Ia clinical trial, immune cells called Tregs, which can inhibit anticancer immune responses, were efficiently eliminated from the blood of patients with lung or esophageal cancer by treatment with the investigational therapeutic antibody KW-0761. Author(s): Ryuzo Ueda, MD, PhD, ...

esophageal cancer immune cells Investigational New Drug application +3

Structure generation software allows scientists to begin exploring the types of nucleic acids

09-Sep-2015 - RNA thought to be a primordial molecule, and many researchers feel that understanding its origin is of key importance to understanding the origins of life. However, despite its central role, surprisingly little is understood about where RNA actually came from. Henderson James Cleaves II at the ...

computational chemistry RNA chemistry RNA monomers +1
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Potential of disk-shaped small structures, coccoliths

07-Sep-2015 - Researchers at Hiroshima University and the University of Tsukuba showed that coccolith disks made of calcium carbonate in Emiliania huxleyi, one of the promising biomass resources, potentially perform roles in reducing and enhancing the light that enters the cell by light scattering. Elucidation ...

calcium carbonate chemical engineering coccolith +6

Intractable pain may find relief in tiny gold rods

25-Aug-2015 - A team of scientists at Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) has developed a novel technique using tiny gold rods to target pain receptors. Gold nanorods are tiny rods that are 1-100 nanometers wide and long. The team coated gold nanorods with a special type ...

gold Kyoto University nanorods +3

Peptide-modified cultures demonstrate control over both tissue growth and location in vitro

10-Aug-2015 - “In vitro fabricated biological tissue would be a valuable tool to screen newly synthesized drugs or understand the tissue development process,” explain Takuya Matsumoto and his colleagues However tissues grown so far have not reached the size and final shape of natural tissue. Matsumoto and ...

Okayama University Osaka University peptides +1

Molecular features of the circadian clock system in fruit flies

29-Jun-2015 - Studies of mutant fruit flies reveal how both photoreceptors and the visual system influence circadian clock neurons in response to changing light-dark cycles. The results are reported in the Journal of Neuroscience give new insights into sleep disorders including jet-lag.Our bodies can respond ...

chronobiology circadian clock cryptochromes +3

Finely-tuned carrier design for improved gene therapy

26-Jun-2015 - There is much interest in messenger RNA (mRNA) as a potential candidate for nucleic acids drug. However, the very labile nature of mRNA has hindered its clinical applications. Polyion complex formed from mRNA and polycations, which is termed ‘Polyplex’, can protect mRNA from enzymatic degradation ...

messenger RNA polyaspartamides polyion complexes +1