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Stapes
| Bone: Stapes |
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| A. Left stapes. B. Base of stapes, medial surface. |
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| Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum. |
Malleus
Tensor Tympani
Incus
Stapedius
Stapes
Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane
(Ear Drum)
Eustachian Tube
Tympanic cavity
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| Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear |
| Gray's |
subject #231 1045 |
| Precursor |
2nd branchial arch[1] |
| MeSH |
Stapes |
The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which attaches the incus to the fenestra ovalis, the "oval window" which is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. It is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body.
The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.
In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used.
See also
References
- ^ Embryology at UNC hednk-023
- Vallejo-Valdezate LA, Martín-Gil J, José-Yacamán M, Martín-Gil FJ, Gil-Carcedo LM. "Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of the stapes in otosclerosis and van der Hoeve syndrome". Laryngoscope. 2000 Sep;110(9):1505-10.
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Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems |
| Outer ear |
Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Earlobe) • Ear canal |
| Middle ear |
Eardrum (Umbo) • Ossicles (Malleus, Incus & Stapes) • Stapedius • Tensor tympani • Eustachian tube (Torus tubarius) |
| Inner ear/Labyrinth |
Bony labyrinth (Vestibule) • Membranous labyrinth
Oval window • Helicotrema • Round window
Cochlea: Spiral ganglion • Modiolus • Cochlear duct/scala media (Endolymph, Stria vascularis, Spiral ligament, Organ of Corti) • Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani (Perilymph)
Reissner's/vestibular membrane • Basilar membrane • Tectorial membrane
Organ of Corti: Hair cells • Stereocilia • Sulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Limbus spiralis |
| Vestibular system |
Static/translations: Utricle (Macula) - Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac, Endolymphatic duct) - Kinocilium - Otolith
Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Cupula • Ampullae (Crista ampullaris) |
| Brain (auditory) |
Cochlear nerve VIII → Cochlear nuclei → Superior olivary nuclei → Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi → Medial geniculate nuclei → Primary auditory cortex |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Stapes". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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