Plantaris muscle
| Plantaris muscle |
|
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| The mucous sheaths of the tendons around the ankle. Medial aspect. (Plantaris labeled at bottom right.) |
| Latin |
musculus plantaris |
| Gray's |
subject #129 483 |
| Origin: |
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius |
| Insertion: |
Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) |
| Artery: |
sural arteries |
| Nerve: |
tibial nerve |
| Action: |
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee |
| Antagonist: |
Tibialis anterior muscle |
| Dorlands/Elsevier |
m_22/12550213 |
Plantaris is a vestigial structure and one of the superficial muscles of the posterior crural compartment of the leg.
It is innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2).
Origin and insertion
It arises from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur at a position slightly superior to the origin of the lateral head of gastrocnemius.
Also, it may arise from the oblique popliteal ligament.
Passing inferomedially posterior to the knee joint, it becomes tendinous while passing distally to insert into the tendo calcaneus, or occasionally separately inserting into the medial side of the calcaneus.
Functions
Plantaris acts to weakly:
- plantarflex the ankle joint
- flex the knee joint
Plantaris may also provide proprioceptive feedback information to the central nervous system regarding the position of the foot. The unusually high density of proprioceptive receptor end organs supports this notion.
Its motor function is so minimal that its long tendon can readily be harvested for reconstruction elsewhere with little functional deficit. "Often mistaken for a nerve by freshman medical students, the muscle was useful to other primates for grasping with their feet. It has disappeared altogether in 9 percent of the population." [1]
Additional images
References
- ^ Selim, Jocelyn (June 2004). "Useless Body Parts". Discover 25 (6). Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
|
List of muscles of lower limbs |
| ILIAC REGION/ILIOPSOAS |
psoas major/psoas minor - iliacus |
| BUTTOCKS |
gluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) - tensor fasciae latae
lateral rotator group: piriformis - obturator externus/obturator internus - inferior gemellus/superior gemellus - quadratus femoris |
| THIGH |
anterior compartment: sartorius - quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) - articularis genu
posterior compartment/hamstring: biceps femoris - semitendinosus, semimembranosus
medial compartment: gracilis - pectineus - adductor (brevis, longus, magnus) |
| LEG |
anterior compartment: tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - fibularis tertius
posterior compartment: superficial - calf/triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus) - plantaris - deep - popliteus - tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior)
lateral compartment: fibularis muscles (longus, brevis) |
| FOOT |
dorsal - extensor digitorum brevis - extensor hallucis brevis
plantar - 1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) - 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) - 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis - flexor digiti minimi brevis) - 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei) |
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