Life Science Encyclopedia

introduction (Gray's s164)

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• Superficial veins (cutaneous veins)
• Deep veins
• Venæ comitantes
• Venous sinuses

the pulmonary veins (Gray's s165)

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• pulmonary veins

the veins of the heart (Gray's s166)

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• Coronary sinus (sinus coronarius)
  • valve of the coronary sinus (valve of Thebesius)
  • Great cardiac vein (v. cordis magna; left coronary vein)
    • left marginal vein
  • Small cardiac vein (v. cordis parva; right coronary vein)
    • right marginal vein

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• Coronary sinus (sinus coronarius)
  • Middle cardiac vein (v. cordis media)
  • Posterior vein of the left ventricle (v. posterior ventriculi sinistri)
  • Oblique vein of the left atrium (v. obliqua atrii sinistri; oblique vein of Marshall)
    • ligament of the left vena cava (lig. venæ cavæ sinistræ vestigial fold of Marshall)
• not ending in the coronary sinus
  • anterior cardiac veins
  • smallest cardiac veins (veins of Thebesius)

the veins of the exterior of the head and face (Gray's s167)

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• frontal vein (v. frontalis)
  • nasal arch

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• supraorbital vein (v. supraorbitalis)
• angular vein (v. angularis)
• anterior facial vein (v. facialis anterior; facial vein)
  • common facial vein
  • deep facial vein
• superficial temporal vein (v. temporalis superficialis)
  • middle temporal vein
  • posterior facial vein
  • transverse facial
  • orbital vein
  • pterygoid plexus (plexus pterygoideus)

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• internal maxillary vein (v. maxillaris interna)
• posterior facial vein (v. facialis posterior; temporomaxillary vein)
• posterior auricular vein (v. auricularis posterior)
• occipital vein (v. occipitalis)

the veins of the neck (Gray's s168)

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• external jugular vein (v. jugularis externa)

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• external jugular vein (v. jugularis externa)
  • sinus
• posterior external jugular vein (v. jugularis posterior)
• anterior jugular vein (v. jugularis anterior)

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• anterior jugular vein (v. jugularis anterior)
  • venous jugular arch
• internal jugular vein (v. jugularis interna)
  • superior bulb
  • inferior bulb
  • Inferior petrosal sinus (sinus petrosus inferior)
  • Lingual veins (vv. linguales)
  • ranine vein

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• internal jugular vein (v. jugularis interna)
  • Pharyngeal veins (vv. pharyngeæ)
  • Superior thyroid vein (v. thyreoidea superioris)
  • Middle thyroid vein
• vertebral vein (v. vertebralis)

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• vertebral vein (v. vertebralis)
  • Anterior vertebral vein
• Deep cervical vein (v. cervicalis profunda; posterior vertebral or posterior deep cervical vein)

the diploic veins (Gray's s169)

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• diploic veins

the veins of the brain (Gray's s170)

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• cerebral veins (vv. cerebri)
  • external veins
  • Superior cerebral veins (vv. cerebri superiores)
  • Middle cerebral vein (v. cerebri media; superficial Sylvian vein)
    • great anastomotic vein of Trolard
    • posterior anastomotic vein of Labbé
  • Inferior cerebral veins (vv. cerebri inferiores)

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• cerebral veins (vv. cerebri)
  • basal vein
    • anterior cerebral vein
    • deep middle cerebral vein (deep Sylvian vein)
    • inferior striate veins
  • Internal cerebral veins (vv. cerebri internæ; veins of Galen; deep cerebral veins)
    • terminal vein and choroid vein
    • great cerebral vein
  • terminal vein (v. terminalis; vena corporis striati)
    • choroid vein
  • Great cerebral vein (v. cerebri magna; great vein of Galen)
• cerebellar veins
  • superior cerebellar veins (vv. cerebelli superiores)
  • inferior cerebellar veins (vv. cerebelli inferiores)

the sinuses of the dura mater, ophthalmic veins and emissary veins (Gray's s171)

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• sinuses of the dura mater (Sinus durae matris)
• postero-superior group
  • superior sagittal sinus (sinus sagittalis superior; superior longitudinal sinus)

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• postero-superior group
  • superior sagittal sinus (sinus sagittalis superior; superior longitudinal sinus)
    • chordae Willisii
    • venous lacunae
    • arachnoid granulations
  • inferior sagittal sinus (sinus sagittalis inferior; inferior longitudinal sinus)
  • straight sinus (sinus rectus; tentorial sinus)

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• postero-superior group
  • transverse sinuses (sinus transversus; lateral sinuses)
    • sigmoid sinus

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• postero-superior group
  • transverse sinuses (sinus transversus; lateral sinuses)
    • petrosquamous sinus
  • occipital sinus (sinus occipitalis)
  • Confluence of the sinuses (confluens sinuum; torcular Herophili)
• antero-inferior group
  • cavernous sinuses (sinus cavernosus)
    • sphenoparietal sinus
  • ophthalmic veins (Vena ophthalmica)

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• antero-inferior group
  • ophthalmic veins (Vena ophthalmica)
    • Superior ophthalmic vein (v. ophthalmica superior)
      • nasofrontal vein
    • Inferior ophthalmic vein (v. ophthalmica inferior)
  • intercavernous sinuses (sini intercavernosi)
    • circular sinus
  • superior petrosal sinus (sinus petrosus superior)
  • inferior petrosal sinus (sinus petrosus inferior)

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• basilar plexus
• Emissary veins (emissaria)

the veins of the upper extremity and thorax (Gray's s172)

Superficial veins of the Upper extremity

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• Digital veins
  • dorsal digital veins
  • dorsal metacarpal veins

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• volar digital veins
• intercapitular veins
• cephalic vein
• vena mediana cubiti (median basilic vein)

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• accessory cephalic vein (v. cephalica accessoria)
• basilic vein (v. basilica)
• median antibrachial vein (v. mediana antibrachii)

Deep veins of the Upper extremity

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• Deep veins of the Hand
  • superficial and deep volar venous arch
  • common volar digital veins
  • proper volar digital veins
  • volar metacarpal veins
  • dorsal metacarpal veins
• deep veins of the forearm
  • radial veins
  • ulnar veins
• brachial veins (vv. brachiales)
• axillary vein (v. axillaris)

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• subclavian vein (v. subclavia)

Veins of the Thorax

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• innominate veins (vv. anonymæ; brachiocephalic veins)
  • Right innominate vein (v. anonyma dextra)

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• innominate veins (vv. anonymæ; brachiocephalic veins)
  • Left innominate vein (v. anonyma sinistra)
    • internal mammary veins (vv. mammariæ internæ, Internal thoracic vein)
    • superior phrenic vein
    • inferior thyroid veins (vv. thyreoideæ inferiores)
    • highest intercostal vein (v. intercostalis suprema; superior intercostal veins)
• superior vena cava (v. cava superior)

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• azygos vein (v. azygos; vena azygos major)
  • ascending lumbar vein
• intercostal veins on the left side
  • Hemiazygos vein (v. hemiazygos; vena azygos minor inferior)
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein (v. hemiazygos accessoria; vena azygos minor superior)
  • Bronchial veins (vv. bronchiales)

Veins of the Vertebral column

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• external vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales externi; extraspinal veins)
  • anterior external plexuses
  • posterior external plexuses
• internal vertebral venous plexuses (plexus venosi vertebrales interni; intraspinal veins)
  • anterior internal plexuses
  • posterior internal plexuses
  • venous rings (retia venosa vertebrarum)
• basivertebral veins (vv. basivertebrales)

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• intervertebral veins (vv. intervertebrales)
• veins of the medulla spinalis (vv. spinales; veins of the spinal cord)

the veins of the lower extremity, abdomen, and pelvis (Gray's s173)

Superficial veins of the Lower extremity

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• dorsum of the foot
  • dorsal digital veins
  • intercapitular veins
  • common digital veins
  • dorsal venous arch
  • medial and a lateral marginal vein
• sole of the foot
  • plantar cutaneous venous arch
  • plantar cutaneous venous net-work
• great saphenous vein (v. saphena magna; internal or long saphenous vein)

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• accessory saphenous vein
• thoracoepigastric vein
• small saphenous vein (v. saphena parva; external or short saphenous vein)

Deep veins of the Lower extremity

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• plantar digital veins (vv. digitales plantares)
  • intercapitular veins

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• plantar digital veins (vv. digitales plantares)
  • metatarsal veins
  • deep plantar venous arch
  • medial plantar vein and lateral plantar vein
• posterior tibial veins (vv. tibiales posteriores)
  • peroneal veins
• anterior tibial veins (vv. tibiales anteriores)
• Popliteal vein (v. poplitea)
• femoral vein (v. femoralis)
• Deep femoral vein (v. profunda femoris)
• external iliac vein (v. iliaca externa)
  • Inferior epigastric vein (v. epigastrica inferior; deep epigastric vein)

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• external iliac vein (v. iliaca externa)
  • Deep iliac circumflex vein (v. circumflexa ilium profunda)
  • Pubic vein
• hypogastric vein (v. hypogastrica; internal iliac vein)

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• Tributaries of hypogastric vein
  • Superior gluteal veins (vv. glutaeæ superiores; gluteal veins)
  • Inferior gluteal veins (vv. glutaeæ inferiores; sciatic veins)
  • Internal pudendal veins (internal pudic veins)

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• Tributaries of hypogastric vein
  • Obturator vein (v. obturatoria)
  • Lateral sacral veins (vv. sacrales laterales)
  • Middle hemorrhoidal vein (v. hæmorrhoidalis media)
• hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hæmorrhoidalis)
• pudendal plexus (plexus pudendalis; vesicoprostatic plexus)
  • prostatic veins
  • prostatic plexus
• vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis)
• Dorsal veins of the penis (vv. dorsales penis)
• uterine plexuses

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• vaginal plexuses
• common iliac veins (vv. iliacæ communes)
  • right common iliac
  • left common iliac
• Middle sacral veins (vv. sacrales mediales)
• inferior vena cava (v. cava inferior)

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• inferior vena cava (v. cava inferior)
  • valve of the inferior vena cava
• right phrenicopericardiac ligament
• Tributaries of inferior vena cava
  • Lumbar veins (vv. lumbales)
    • ascending lumbar
  • Spermatic veins (vv. spermaticæ)
    • pampiniform plexus

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• Tributaries of inferior vena cava
  • Ovarian veins (vv. ovaricæ)
  • Renal veins (vv. renales)
  • Suprarenal veins (vv. suprarenales)
  • Inferior phrenic veins (vv. phrenicæ inferiores)
  • Hepatic veins (vv. hepaticæ)

the portal system of veins (Gray's s174)

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• portal system
• sinusoids

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• portal vein (vena portæ)
• ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
• ligamentum venosum (obliterated ductus venosus)
• tributaries of the portal vein
  • Lienal vein (v. lienalis; splenic vein)
    • short gastric veins (vv. gastricæ breves)
    • left gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroepiploica sinistra)
    • pancreatic veins (vv. pancreaticæ)
    • inferior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica inferior)
    • superior hemorrhoidal vein

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• tributaries of the portal vein
  • Lienal vein (v. lienalis; splenic vein)
    • sigmoid veins
  • Superior mesenteric vein (v. mesenterica superior)
    • right gastroepiploic vein (v. gastroepiploica dextra)
    • pancreaticoduodenal veins (vv. pancreaticoduodenales)
  • Coronary vein (v. coronaria ventriculi; gastric vein)
  • Pyloric vein
  • Cystic vein (v. cystica)
  • Parumbilical veins (vv. parumbilicales)

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy
• List of images in Gray's Anatomy: VII. The Veins