Brain _{(neural tube)}

Rhombencephalon _(hindbrain)

Myelencephalon

• medulla oblongata
  • medullary pyramids
  • Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
    • Inferior salivatory nucleus
    • Nucleus ambiguus
    • Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
    • Hypoglossal nucleus
    • Solitary nucleus

Metencephalon

• pons
  • Respiratory centres
    • pneumotactic centre
    • apneustic centre
  • Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
    • chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
    • motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
    • abducens nucleus (VI)
    • facial nerve nucleus (VII)
    • vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
    • Superior salivatory nucleus
• paramedian pontine reticular formation
• fourth ventricle
• cerebellum
  • cerebellar vermis
  • cerebellar hemispheres
    • anterior lobe
    • posterior lobe
    • flocculonodular lobe
  • cerebellar nuclei
    • fastigial nucleus
    • globose nucleus
    • emboliform nucleus
    • dentate nucleus

Mesencephalon _(midbrain)

• tectum
  • inferior colliculi
  • superior colliculi
• mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, Aqueduct of Sylvius)
• cerebral peduncle
• midbrain tegmentum
  • ventral tegmental area
  • Red Nucleus
  • crus cerebri
• pretectum

Prosencephalon _(forebrain)

Diencephalon

epithalamus

• pineal body
• habenular nuclei
• stria medullares
• tenia thalami

third ventricle

thalamus

• anterior nuclear group
  • anteroventral nucleus
  • anterodorsal nucleus
  • anteromedial nucleus
• medial nuclear group
  • medial dorsal nucleus
  • midline nuclear group
  • paratenial nucleus
  • reuniens nucleus
  • rhomboidal nucleus
  • intralaminar nuclear group
  • centromedial nucleus
  • parafascicular nucleus
  • paracentral nucleus
  • central lateral nucleus
  • central medial nucleus
• lateral nuclear group
  • lateral dorsal nucleus
  • lateral posterior nucleus
  • pulvinar
• ventral nuclear group
  • ventral anterior nucleus
  • ventral lateral nucleus
  • ventral posterior nucleus
    • Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
    • Ventral posterior medial nucleus
• metathalamus
  • medial geniculate body
  • lateral geniculate body
• thalamic reticular nucleus

hypothalamus _{(limbic system) (HPA axis)}

• Anterior
  • Medial area
    • Parts of preoptic area
      • Medial preoptic nucleus
    • Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    • Paraventricular nucleus
    • Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
    • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Parts of preoptic area
      • Lateral preoptic nucleus
    • Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
    • Part of supraoptic nucleus
  • Other nuclei of preoptic area
    • median preoptic nucleus
    • periventricular preoptic nucleus
• Tuberal
  • Medial area
    • Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
    • Ventromedial nucleus
    • Arcuate nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
    • Lateral tuberal nuclei
• Posterior
  • Medial area
    • Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
    • Posterior nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
• optic chiasm
• subfornical organ
• periventricular nucleus
• infundibulum
• tuber cinereum
  • tuberal nucleus
  • tuberomamillary nucleus
• tuberal region
• mammillary bodies
• mammillary nucleus

subthalamus_{(HPA axis)}

• thalamic nucleus
• zona incerta

pituitary gland _{(HPA axis)}

• neurohypophysis
• intermediate pituitary
• adenohypophysis

Telencephalon (cerebrum) _{Cerebral hemispheres}

White matter

• Corona radiata
• Internal capsule
• External capsule
• Extreme capsule
• Arcuate fasciculus
• Uncinate fasciculus

Subcortical

• Amygdala _{(limbic system) (limbic lobe) (paleopallium)}
  • Central nucleus_{(autonomic nervous system)}
  • Medial nucleus_{(accessory olfactory system)}
  • Cortical and basomedial nuclei_{(main olfactory system)}
  • Lateral and basolateral nuclei_{(frontotemporal cortical system)}
• Hippocampus _{(limbic system) (limbic lobe) (archipallium)}
  • Dentate gyrus
  • Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
• Claustrum
• Basal ganglia
  • Striatum_{(archipallium)}
    • Putamen
    • Caudate nucleus
    • Nucleus accumbens
  • Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia nigra

Rhinencephalon _{(paleopallium)}

• Olfactory bulb
• Piriform cortex
• Anterior olfactory nucleus
• Olfactory tract
• Anterior commissure

Lateral ventricles

Cerebral cortex _(neopallium)

• Frontal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary motor cortex (M1)
  • Brodmann area 4 _{(Primary motor cortex)}
    • Prefrontal cortex
    • Supplementary motor cortex
    • Premotor cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Superior frontal gyrus
    • Middle frontal gyrus
    • Inferior frontal gyrus
  • Brodmann areas: 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
• Temporal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary auditory cortex (A1)
    • A2
    • Inferior temporal cortex
    • Posterior inferior temproal cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Superior temporal gyrus
    • Middle temporal gyrus
    • Inferior temporal gyrus
    • Fusiform gyrus
    • Parahippocampal gyrus
  • Brodmann areas: 9, 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
• Parietal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
    • S2
    • Posterior parietal cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Postcentral gyrus _{(Primary somesthetic area)}
  • Other
    • Precuneus
  • Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 _{(Primary somesthetic area)}; 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
• Occipital lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary visual cortex (V1)
    • V2
  • Gyrus
    • Lateral occipital gyrus
  • Other
    • Cuneus
  • Brodmann areas 17 _{(V1, primary visual cortex)}; 18, 19
• Insular cortex
• Cingulate cortex
  • Subgenual area 25
  • Anterior cingulate
  • Posterior cingulate
  • Retrosplenial cortex
  • Indusium griseum
  • Brodmann areas 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 _{(retrosplenial areas)}; 31, 32

Neural pathways

• arcuate fasciculus
• cerebral peduncle
• corpus callosum
• pyramidal or corticospinal tract

• Major dopamine pathways _{dopamine system}
  • mesocortical pathway
  • mesolimbic pathway
  • nigrostriatal pathway
  • tuberoinfundibular pathway

• Serotonin Pathways _{serotonin system}
  • Raphe Nuclei

Cerebrospinal systems

Neuronal systems

• central nervous system
• peripheral nervous system
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
    • sympathetic nervous system
    • parasympathetic nervous system
• enteric nervous system
  • submucosal plexus
  • myenteric plexus

Cognitive systems

• senses and sensory systems
  • olfactory system
    • primary olfactory cortex
  • visual system
  • Auditory system
    • Music and the brain

Volitive systems

• motor system
  • extrapyramidal system
  • pyramidal tract
  • alpha system
  • gamma system

Nerves

• Spinal cord
• brain stem
  • cranial nerves
    • Cranial nerve, (0)
    • Olfactory nerve, (I)
    • Optic nerve (II)
    • Oculomotor nerve (III)
    • Trochlear nerve(IV)
    • Trigeminal nerve (V)
    • Abducens nerve (VI)
    • Facial nerve (VII)
    • Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
    • Vagus nerve (X)
    • Accessory nerve (XI)
    • Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Neurocrine systems

• limbic system
• HPA axis

Vascular systems

• venous systems
• circle of Willis (arterial system)
• blood-brain barrier
• blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

Dural meningeal system

• brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
• meningeal coverings
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
• epidural space
• subdural space
• arachnoid septum
• ventricular system
  • cerebrospinal fluid
    • subarachnoid space
      • third ventricle
      • fourth ventricle
      • lateral ventricles
        • Anterior horn
        • Body of lateral ventricle
        • Inferior horn
        • Posterior horn
      • superior cistern
      • cistern of lamina terminalis
      • chaismatic cistern
      • interpeduncular cistern
      • pontine cistern
      • cisterna magna
    • spinal subarachnoid space

Organization

Anatomical regions are listed vertically beneath Brain according to typical hierarchies. Functional, connective and developmental regions are listed horizontally in _{(italicized subscript)}.

Functional and connective regions defined as systems are categorized at cerebrospinal systems.

Related topic

• Human brain