Flaccid paralysis
Flaccid paralysis
Classification & external resources
| ICD-10 |
G81.0, G82.0, G82.3 |
| ICD-9 |
359.9 |
Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).[1]
Causes
Polio
The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.
AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogenic agents including enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses, among others.[2]
The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be injested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract.[3]
Other
Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neurone lesion. This is in contrast to a upper motor neurone lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis. Included in AFP,s list are Poliomyelitis, Transverse myelitis,Guillain-Barré syndrome, enteroviral encephalopathy[4], traumatic neuritis etc. An AFP Surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strenghthening immunisation in that area.
References
- ^ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.
- ^ Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B (2006). "Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Australia, 1996-2004". Journal of paediatrics and child health 42 (6): 370-6. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00875.x. PMID 16737480.
- ^ http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DBMD/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm
- ^ Anis-ur-Rehman , Idris M, Elahi M, Jamshed , Arif A. Guillain Barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2007 Jan-Mar;19(1):26-8.
See also
Look up flaccid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
|
Top