Thyroxine
| Thyroxine |
|
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| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
7488-70-2 |
| PubChem |
853 |
| MeSH |
Thyroxine |
| SMILES |
NC(Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2cc(I)c(O)
c(I)c2)c(I)c1)C(O)=O |
| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
C15H11I4NO4 |
| Molar mass |
776.87 |
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references |
Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (often abbreviated as T4), a form of thyroid hormones is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
T4 is transported in blood, with 99.95% of the secreted T4 being protein bound, principally to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and, to a lesser extent, to transthyretin and serum albumin.
T4 is involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes in the body and influencing physical development.
Note: Thyroxine is a prohormone and a reservoir for the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3).
T4 is converted in the tissues by deiodinases to T3.
The "D" isomer is called "Dextrothyroxine"[1] and is used as a lipid modifying agent.[2]
The half-life of thyroxine once released into the blood circulatory system is about 1 week
Reactions
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References
- ^ MeSH Dextrothyroxine
- ^ C10AX01
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Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands (Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones) |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary |
Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) |
| Adrenal axis |
Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA |
| Thyroid axis |
Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH |
| Gonadal axis |
Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy) |
| Other end. glands |
Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin |
| Non-end. glands |
Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2) |
| Target-derived |
NGF, BDNF, NT-3 |
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