Calcium channel
A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeabiltiy to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.
Comparison tables
The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.
Voltage-gated
-
| Type |
Gated by |
Protein |
Gene |
Location |
Function |
| L-type |
high voltage |
Cav1.1
Cav1.2
Cav1.3
Cav1.4
|
CACNA1S
CACNA1C
CACNA1D
CACNA1F |
Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones |
SMC and cardiac muscle contraction [1]. Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle. |
| P-type/Q-type |
high voltage |
Cav2.1 |
CACNA1A |
Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells |
neurotransmitter release [1] |
| N-type |
high voltage |
Cav2.2 |
CACNA1B |
Throughout the brain |
neurotransmitter release [1] |
| R-type |
intermediate voltage |
Cav2.3 |
CACNA1E |
Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons |
?[1] |
| T-type |
low voltage |
Cav3.1
Cav3.2
Cav3.3
|
CACNA1G
CACNA1H
CACNA1I |
neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes) |
Regular sinus rhythm[1] |
Ligand-gated
- the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
Pharmacology
Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 53
- ^ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 479
|
Membrane transport protein: ion channels |
| Ca2+: Calcium channel |
Voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/Cavα(1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4), N-type, P-type/Cavα(2.1), Q-type, R-type, T-type, β-subunits (β1, β2, β4), γ-subunits (γ2) • Inositol triphosphate receptor • Ryanodine receptor • Cation channels of sperm • Two-pore channel |
| Na+: Sodium channel |
Navα (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9) • Navβ (1, 3, 4) • Epithelial sodium channel |
| K+: Potassium channel |
Voltage-gated (Kvα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 11.1/hERG) • Kvβ (1, 2), Shaker gene, KCNE1) • Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel, SK3) • Inward-rectifier Kir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2)) • Tandem pore domain K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9) |
| Cl-: Chloride channel |
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
| Porin |
Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) • Voltage-dependent anion channel (1) |
| Cations: TRP |
TRPA (1) • TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) • TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • TRPML (Mucolipin-1) • TRPP (1, 2)• TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
| Other/general |
Voltage-gated ion channel • Ligand-gated ion channel • Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (α1, α3, β3, H1, H2, H4) • Stretch-activated ion channel |
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