Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Classification & external resources
| ICD-10 |
G04.0 |
| ICD-9 |
323.61 |
| DiseasesDB |
158 |
| eMedicine |
neuro/500 |
| MeSH |
D004673 |
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection or vaccination, but it may also appear spontaneously. It is similar in some ways to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline.
There are multiple inflammatory cell deposits in the brain, particularly in the section called white matter. Although it occurs in all ages, most reported cases are in children and adolescents.
Presentation
It has an abrupt onset and a monophasic course. Symptoms usually begin 1-3 weeks after infection or vaccination. Major symptoms include fever, headache, drowsiness, seizures and coma. Although initially the symptoms are usually mild, later in the course of the disease patients may even die, if they are not treated properly. Some patients recover completely, while others have permanent neurological impairments.
Treatment
The first treatment is usually steroids and intensive care is often required.
|
Nervous system pathology, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349) |
Inflammatory diseases
of the CNS |
Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis |
Systemic atrophies
primarily affecting the CNS |
Huntington's disease - Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia)
Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman disease - Kugelberg-Welander disease - Fazio Londe syndrome -
MND (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA), Progressive bulbar, Pseudobulbar, PLS) |
Extrapyramidal and
movement disorders |
Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration - Dystonia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's syndrome, Blepharospasm) - Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs syndrome - Stiff person syndrome |
Other degenerative /
demyelinating diseases |
Alzheimer's disease - Pick's disease - Alpers' disease - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's disease - Multiple sclerosis - Devic's disease - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis |
| Seizure/epilepsy |
Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) - Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus) |
| Headache |
Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension |
| Vascular |
Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) - Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's syndrome, Millard-Gubler syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome, Weber's syndrome, Lacunar stroke) |
| Sleep disorders |
Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin syndrome - Circadian rhythm sleep disorder - Delayed sleep phase syndrome - Advanced sleep phase syndrome |
| Other |
Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension - Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's syndrome - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression |
|
Top