01-06-2013 | Armen Petrosyan; Pi-Wan Cheng, Glycobiology , 2013

The Golgi apparatus undergoes morphological changes under stress or malignant transformation, but the precise mechanisms are not known. We recently showed that non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) binds to the cytoplasmic tail of Core 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase mucus-type (C2GnT-M) and ...

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08-05-2013 | Erik Kish-Trier; Christopher P. Hill, Annual Review of Biophysics, 2013

The proteasome refers to a collection of complexes centered on the 20S proteasome core particle (20S CP), a complex of 28 subunits that houses proteolytic sites in its hollow interior. Proteasomes are found in eukaryotes, archaea, and some eubacteria, and their activity is critical for many ...

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16-04-2013 | Edward L. Miles; Chad O’Gorman; Jianguo Zhao; Melissa Samuel; Eric Walters; Young-Joo Yi; Miriam Sutovsky; Randall S ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Among its many functions, the ubiquitin–proteasome system regulates substrate-specific proteolysis during the cell cycle, apoptosis, and fertilization and in pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and liver cirrhosis. Proteasomes are present in human and boar spermatozoa, but little ...

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11-04-2013 | Masafumi Noguchi, Kanji Okumoto, Yukio Fujiki, Genes to Cells, 2013

Fourteen distinct peroxins are essential for peroxisome biogenesis in mammals, of which ten are involved in the import of matrix proteins into peroxisomes. Peroxisomal matrix protein import is regulated by various cellular factors; however, the mechanisms underlying this regulation are ...

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11-04-2013 | Caroline E. Weller, Meagan E. Pilkerton, Champak Chatterjee, Biopolymers, 2013

Abstract Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small 76 amino acid long protein that is highly conserved in all eukaryotes studied to date. In humans, more than 600 ligases are involved in the reversible modification of specific lysine side‐chain ε‐amines in substrate proteins by conjugation with the ...

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22-03-2013 | Bhuvanakantham Raghavan, Mah‐Lee Ng, Cellular Microbiology, 2013

Abstract Flavivirus capsid (C) protein is a key structural component of virus particles. The non‐structural role of C protein in the pathogenesis of arthropod‐borne flaviviruses is not clearly deciphered. This study showed that West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) utilized C ...

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15-03-2013 | Yousef Abu Kwaik, Dirk Bumann, Cellular Microbiology, 2013

Summary Microbial access to host nutrients is a fundamental aspect of infectious diseases. Pathogens face complex dynamic nutritional host microenvironments that change with increasing inflammation and local hypoxia. Since the host can actively limit microbial access to nutrient supply, ...

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14-03-2013 | Johanna Myllyharju, Acta Physiologica, 2013

Abstract A decrease in oxygenation is a life‐threatening situation for most organisms. An evolutionarily conserved efficient and rapid hypoxia response mechanism activated by a hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor (HIF) is present in animals ranging from the simplest multicellular ...

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07-03-2013 | David Vilchez, Leah Boyer, Margaret Lutz, Carsten Merkwirth, Ianessa Morantte, Chris Tse, Brian Spencer, Lesley Page ..., Aging Cell, 2013

Proteostasis is critical for maintaining cell function and proteome stability may play an important role in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) immortality. Notably, hESC populations exhibit a high assembly of active proteasomes, a key node of the proteostasis network. FOXO4, an insulin/IGF‐1 ...

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07-03-2013 | Sebla B. Kutluay et al., PLoS Pathogens, 2013

by Sebla B. Kutluay, David Perez-Caballero, Paul D. Bieniasz TRIM5 proteins can restrict retroviral infection soon after delivery of the viral core into the cytoplasm. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TRIM5α inhibits infection have been elusive, in part due to the ...

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