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Perforin



 

perforin 1 (pore forming protein)
Identifiers
Symbol PRF1
Entrez 5551
HUGO 9360
OMIM 170280
RefSeq NM_005041
UniProt P14222
Other data
Locus Chr. 10 q22

Perforin is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of CD8 T-cells and NK cells. Upon degranulation, perforin inserts itself into the target cell's plasma membrane, forming a pore. The lytic membrane inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain.[2] This region shares homology with cholesterol dependent cytolysins from Gram positive bacteria.[1]

Although purified perforin is sufficient to lyse cells at high doses, the biology of perforin itself does not explain the ability of CD8 T-cells and NK cells to induce apoptosis in target cells. This induction of apoptosis may require at least one other granule protein, granzyme B.

There have been mice generated that lack perforin. Studies of these mice led to the discovery of additional mechanisms by which immune cells kill their target - through Fas-FAS ligand interactions. This led to the discovery of additional Fas-like molecules. However, perforin continues to play an important part in CD8 T-cell and NK cell function.

See also

  • Granzymes

References

  1. ^ a b Carlos J. Rosado, Ashley M. Buckle, Ruby H. P. Law, Rebecca E. Butcher, Wan-Ting Kan, Catherina H. Bird, Kheng Ung, Kylie A. Browne, Katherine Baran, Tanya A. Bashtannyk-Puhalovich, Noel G. Faux, Wilson Wong, Corrine J. Porter, Robert N. Pike, Andrew M. Ellisdon, Mary C. Pearce, Stephen P. Bottomley, Jonas Emsley, A. Ian Smith, Jamie Rossjohn, Elizabeth L. Hartland, Ilia Voskoboinik, Joseph A. Trapani, Phillip I. Bird, Michelle A. Dunstone, and James C. Whisstock (2007,). "A Common Fold Mediates Vertebrate Defense and Bacterial Attack". Science. doi:10.1126/science.1144706.
  2. ^ Tschopp J, Masson D, Stanley KK (1986). "Structural/functional similarity between proteins involved in complement- and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis". Nature 322 (6082): 831-4. doi:10.1038/322831a0. PMID 2427956.
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Perforin". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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