03.05.2013 | Milagros Rocha, Nadezda Apostolova, Jose Raul Herance, Susana Rovira‐Llopis, Antonio Hernandez‐Mijares, Victor M. Victor, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract There is abundant evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a main cause of insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic comorbidities. On the other hand, insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. ...

mehr

30.04.2013 | Matias Mosqueira, Ulrike Zeiger, Moritz Förderer, Heinrich Brinkmeier, Rainer HA Fink, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) affects young boys and is characterized by the absence of dystrophin, a large cytoskeletal protein present in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells and neurons. The heart and diaphragm become necrotic in DMD patients and animal models of DMD, ...

mehr

30.04.2013 | Jia Sheng, Jianhua Gan, Zhen Huang, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Nucleic acids are the molecular targets of many clinical anticancer drugs. However, compared with proteins, nucleic acids have traditionally attracted much less attention as drug targets in structure‐based drug design, partially because limited structural information of nucleic ...

mehr

10.04.2013 | Maja Narlik‐Grassow, Carmen Blanco‐Aparicio, Amancio Carnero, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract The proviral insertion site in Moloney murine leukemia virus, or PIM proteins, are a family of serine/threonine kinases composed of three different isoforms (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) that are highly evolutionarily conserved. These proteins are regulated primarily by transcription ...

mehr

08.04.2013 | Erik De Clercq, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract The name of Antonín Holý has become synonymous for the era of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), which started with (S)‐HPMPA as the prototype and (S)‐HPMPC (cidofovir) as the first marketed compound. It has now evolved to a number of compounds clinically used in the ...

mehr

28.03.2013 | Marta Correia‐da‐Silva, Emília Sousa, Madalena M. M. Pinto, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Nature uses sulfation of endogenous and exogenous molecules mainly to avoid potential toxicity. The growing importance of natural sulfated molecules, as modulators of a number of physiological and pathological processes, has inspired the synthesis of non‐natural sulfated ...

mehr

11.03.2013 | Erik De Clercq, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Prominent in the current stage of antiviral drug development are: (i) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs), the most recent example being StribildTM; (ii) for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the pleiade of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) that ...

mehr

11.03.2013 | Filipa S. Carvalho, Ana Burgeiro, Rita Garcia, António J. Moreno, Rui A. Carvalho, Paulo J. Oliveira, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer anthracycline that presents a dose‐dependent and cumulative cardiotoxicity as one of the most serious side effects. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain DOX cardiac side effects, which culminate in the development of life‐threatening ...

mehr

11.02.2013 | Valeria Cernaro, Antonio Lacquaniti, Rosaria Lupica, Antoine Buemi, Domenico Trimboli, Grazia Giorgianni, Davide Bol ..., Medicinal Research Reviews, 2013

Abstract Human relaxin‐2 (hereafter simply defined as “relaxin”) is a 6‐kDa peptidic hormone best known for the physiological role played during pregnancy in the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract and in the renal and systemic hemodynamic changes. This factor can also be ...

mehr

13.12.2012 | James E. East, Andrew J. Kennedy, Tonya J. Webb, Medicinal Research Reviews, 2012

Abstract Natural killer T (NKT) cells serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and manipulating their effector functions can have therapeutic significances in the treatment of autoimmunity, transplant biology, infectious disease, and cancer. NKT cells are a subset ...

mehr