04.01.2011 | Hirai, Takao; Chagin, Andrei S.; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Mackem, Susan; Kronenberg, Henry M., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2011

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein (PTHrP), regulated by Indian hedgehog and acting through the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR), is crucial for normal cartilage development. These observations suggest a possible role of PPR signaling in the postnatal growth plate; however, the role of PPR ...

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04.01.2011 | Brown, Jerry H.; Senthil Kumar, V. S.; O’Neall-Hennessey, Elizabeth; Reshetnikova, Ludmila; Robinson, Howard; Nguyen ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2011

We have determined the 2.3-Å-resolution crystal structure of a myosin light chain domain, corresponding to one type found in sea scallop catch (“smooth”) muscle. This structure reveals hinges that may function in the “on” and “off” states of myosin. The molecule adopts two different ...

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28.12.2010 | Zwicker, David; Lubensky, David K.; ten Wolde, Pieter Rein, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus uses both a protein phosphorylation cycle and a transcription–translation cycle to generate circadian rhythms that are highly robust against biochemical noise. We use stochastic simulations to analyze how these cycles interact to generate stable ...

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21.12.2010 | Duan, Lingling; Cobb, Melanie H., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

In pancreatic β cells, ERK1 and ERK2 participate in nutrient sensing, and their activities rise and fall as a function of glucose concentration over the physiologic range. Glucose metabolism triggers calcium influx and release of calcium from intracellular stores to activate ERK1/2. Calcium ...

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21.12.2010 | Lu, Wei; Isozaki, Kaname; Roche, Katherine W.; Nicoll, Roger A., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

The accumulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at synapses is essential for excitatory synaptic transmission. However, the mechanisms underlying synaptic targeting of AMPARs remain elusive. We have now used a molecular replacement approach on an AMPAR-null background to investigate the ...

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21.12.2010 | Yudushkin, Ivan A.; Vale, Ronald D., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

Phosphorylation of the T-cell receptor complex (TcR/CD3) mediates the survival and antigen-induced activation of T cells. TcR/CD3 phosphorylation is usually monitored using phospho-specific antibodies, which precludes dynamic measurements. Here, we have developed genetically encoded, ...

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14.12.2010 | Kickstein, Eva; Krauss, Sybille; Thornhill, Paul; Rutschow, Désirée; Zeller, Raphael; Sharkey, John; Williamson, Rit ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

Hyperphosphorylated tau plays an important role in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies and is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Though diverse kinases have been implicated in tau ...

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14.12.2010 | Takayasu, Yukihiro; Takeuchi, Koichi; Kumari, Ranju; Bennett, Michael V. L.; Zukin, R. Suzanne; Francesconi, Anna, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) are important to synaptic circuitry formation during development and to forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of mGluR1/5 signaling is implicated in some disorders of neurodevelopment, including fragile X syndrome, ...

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14.12.2010 | Yang, Jinbo; Huang, Jing; Dasgupta, Maupali; Sears, Nathan; Miyagi, Masaru; Wang, Benlian; Chance, Mark R.; Chen, Xi ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

Following its tyrosine phosphorylation, STAT3 is methylated on K140 by the histone methyl transferase SET9 and demethylated by LSD1 when it is bound to a subset of the promoters that it activates. Methylation of K140 is a negative regulatory event, because its blockade greatly increases the ...

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14.12.2010 | Kim, Do Jin; Park, Kang-Seo; Kim, Jung-Ho; Yang, Sang-Hwa; Yoon, Ji Young; Han, Byeong-Gu; Kim, Hyoun Sook; Lee, San ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2010

There has been considerable interest in virulence genes in the plasticity region of Helicobacter pylori, but little is known about many of these genes. JHP940, one of the virulence factors encoded by the plasticity region of H. pylori strain J99, is a proinflammatory protein that induces ...

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