07.05.2013 | Ioannis Zalachoras; René Houtman; Erika Atucha; Rene Devos; Ans M. I. Tijssen; Pu Hu; Peter M. Lockey; Nicole A. Dat ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism may be of considerable therapeutic value in stress-related psychopathology such as depression. However, blockade of all GR-dependent processes in the brain will lead to unnecessary and even counteractive effects, such as elevated endogenous cortisol ...

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23.04.2013 | Yonghua Yang; Warren Fiskus; Bao Yong; Peter Atadja; Yoshinori Takahashi; Tej K. Pandita; Hong-Gang Wang; Kapil N. B ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Autophagy is a stress-induced catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components, sequestered in double-membrane autophagic vesicles (AVs) or autophagosomes, are delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling [Kroemer G, Mariño G, Levine B (2010) Mol Cell 40(2):280–293]. Activity of the ...

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09.04.2013 | Yu-Che Cheng; Tsong-Yu Lin; Sheau-Yann Shieh, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) is a member of the antiproliferative BTG/ Transducer of ErbB2 gene family and is induced by genotoxic stress in a p53- and Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-dependent manner. Down-regulation of BTG3 has been observed in human cancers, suggesting that it plays an ...

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02.04.2013 | Andreas H. Ludewig; Yevgeniy Izrayelit; Donha Park; Rabia U. Malik; Anna Zimmermann; Parag Mahanti; Bennett W. Fox; ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice is regulated by conserved signaling networks, including the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling cascade and pathways depending on sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Small molecules such as resveratrol ...

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26.03.2013 | Quanjiang Ji; Liang Zhang; Marcus B. Jones; Fei Sun; Xin Deng; Haihua Liang; Hoonsik Cho; Pedro Brugarolas; Yihe N. ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Quinone molecules are intracellular electron-transport carriers, as well as critical intra- and extracellular signals. However, transcriptional regulation of quinone signaling and its molecular basis are poorly understood. Here, we identify a thiol-stress-sensing regulator YodB family ...

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26.03.2013 | Christopher L. Howerton; Christopher P. Morgan; David B. Fischer; Tracy L. Bale, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Maternal stress is a key risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism, which often exhibit a sex bias in rates of presentation, age of onset, and symptom severity. The placenta is an endocrine tissue that functions as an important mediator in responding to ...

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19.03.2013 | Romain Volmer; Kattria van der Ploeg; David Ron, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors use a related luminal domain to monitor the unfolded protein load and convey the signal to downstream effectors, signaling an unfolded protein response (UPR) that maintains compartment-specific protein folding homeostasis. Surprisingly, perturbation ...

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19.03.2013 | Kasper M. Rouschop; Ludwig J. Dubois; Tom G. Keulers; Twan van den Beucken; Philippe Lambin; Johan Bussink; Albert J ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors and an important contributor to malignancy and treatment resistance. The ability of tumor cells to survive hypoxic stress is mediated in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcriptional responses. More severe hypoxia activates ...

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19.03.2013 | Rie Nishiyama; Yasuko Watanabe; Marco A. Leyva-Gonzalez; Chien Van Ha; Yasunari Fujita; Maho Tanaka; Motoaki Seki; K ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Cytokinin is an essential phytohormone controlling various biological processes, including environmental stress responses. In Arabidopsis, although the cytokinin (CK)-related phosphorelay—consisting of three histidine kinases, five histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs), and a number of ...

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12.03.2013 | Elizaveta S. Leshchiner; Craig R. Braun; Gregory H. Bird; Loren D. Walensky, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2–associated X (BAX) form toxic mitochondrial pores in response to cellular stress. Whereas BAX resides predominantly in the cytosol, BAK is constitutively localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Select BCL-2 ...

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