11.06.2013 | Antonino Colanzi; Giovanna Grimaldi; Giuliana Catara; Carmen Valente; Claudia Cericola; Prisca Liberali; Maurizio Ro ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification that modulates the functions of many target proteins. We previously showed that the fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA) induces the ADP-ribosylation of C-terminal–binding protein-1 short-form/BFA–ADP-ribosylation substrate (CtBP1-S/BARS), a ...

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11.06.2013 | Michelle Dang; Nicole Armbruster; Miles A. Miller; Efrain Cermeno; Monika Hartmann; George W. Bell; David E. Root; D ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Ectodomain cleavage of cell-surface proteins by A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) is highly regulated, and its dysregulation has been linked to many diseases. ADAM10 and ADAM17 cleave most disease-relevant substrates. Broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitors have failed ...

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11.06.2013 | Juan Wang; Shekar Menon; Akinori Yamasaki; Hui-Ting Chou; Thomas Walz; Yu Jiang; Susan Ferro-Novick, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

When macroautophagy, a catabolic process that rids the cells of unwanted proteins, is initiated, 30–60 nm Atg9 vesicles move from the Golgi to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS) to initiate autophagosome formation. The Rab GTPase Ypt1 and its mammalian homolog Rab1 regulate macroautophagy ...

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11.06.2013 | Colette Cywes-Bentley; David Skurnik; Tanweer Zaidi; Damien Roux; Rosane B. DeOliveira; Wendy S. Garrett; Xi Lu; Jen ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Microbial capsular antigens are effective vaccines but are chemically and immunologically diverse, resulting in a major barrier to their use against multiple pathogens. A β-(1→6)–linked poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG) surface capsule is synthesized by four proteins encoded in genetic loci ...

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11.06.2013 | Paula Ramos-Silva; Frédéric Marin; Jaap Kaandorp; Benjamin Marie, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

In an interesting work published recently in PNAS, Drake et al. (1) presented a proteomic study of the skeleton from the stony coral Stylophora pistillata. This study identified proteins that are associated to the mineral phase (i.e., that potentially contribute to shape the skeleton). In ...

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11.06.2013 | Thomas W. H. Liebrand; Grardy C. M. van den Berg; Zhao Zhang; Patrick Smit; Jan H. G. Cordewener; Antione H. P. Amer ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The plant immune system is activated by microbial patterns that are detected as nonself molecules. Such patterns are recognized by immune receptors that are cytoplasmic or localized at the plasma membrane. Cell surface receptors are represented by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) that frequently ...

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11.06.2013 | Louise H. Slater; Erik C. Hett; Anne E. Clatworthy; Kevin G. Mark; Deborah T. Hung, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Bacterial toxins have evolved successful strategies for coopting host proteins to access the cytosol of host cells. Anthrax lethal factor (LF) enters the cytosol through pores in the endosomal membrane formed by anthrax protective antigen. Although in vitro models using planar lipid bilayers ...

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11.06.2013 | Y. P. Sharon Goh; Neil C. Henderson; Jose E. Heredia; Alex Red Eagle; Justin I. Odegaard; Nadja Lehwald; Khoa D. Ngu ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The liver is a central organ for the synthesis and storage of nutrients, production of serum proteins and hormones, and breakdown of toxins and metabolites. Because the liver is susceptible to toxin- or pathogen-mediated injury, it maintains a remarkable capacity to regenerate by compensatory ...

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11.06.2013 | Sravan C. Penchala; Stephen Connelly; Yu Wang; Miki S. Park; Lei Zhao; Aleksandra Baranczak; Irit Rappley; Hannes Vo ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The misassembly of soluble proteins into toxic aggregates, including amyloid fibrils, underlies a large number of human degenerative diseases. Cardiac amyloidoses, which are most commonly caused by aggregation of Ig light chains or transthyretin (TTR) in the cardiac interstitium and ...

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04.06.2013 | William M. Schneider; Jonathon D. Brzezinski; Sriram Aiyer; Nirav Malani; Mercedes Gyuricza; Frederic D. Bushman; Mo ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The p12 protein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) group-specific antigen (Gag) is associated with the preintegration complex, and mutants of p12 (PM14) show defects in nuclear entry or retention. Here we show that p12 proteins engineered to encode peptide sequences derived from known viral ...

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