07.05.2013 | Troy Ruths; Luay Nakhleh, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Cis-regulatory networks (CRNs) play a central role in cellular decision making. Like every other biological system, CRNs undergo evolution, which shapes their properties by a combination of adaptive and nonadaptive evolutionary forces. Teasing apart these forces is an important step toward ...

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07.05.2013 | Ming-Cheng Luo; Yong Q. Gu; Frank M. You; Karin R. Deal; Yaqin Ma; Yuqin Hu; Naxin Huo; Yi Wang; Jirui Wang; Shiyong ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The current limitations in genome sequencing technology require the construction of physical maps for high-quality draft sequences of large plant genomes, such as that of Aegilops tauschii, the wheat D-genome progenitor. To construct a physical map of the Ae. tauschii genome, we fingerprinted ...

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07.05.2013 | Søren Damkiær; Lei Yang; Søren Molin; Lars Jelsbak, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The genetic basis of bacterial adaptation to a natural environment has been investigated in a highly successful Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineage (DK2) that evolved within the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) for more than 35 y. During evolution in the CF airways, the DK2 lineage ...

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07.05.2013 | Sam Yeaman, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Numerous studies of ecological genetics have found that alleles contributing to local adaptation sometimes cluster together, forming “genomic islands of divergence.” Divergence hitchhiking theory posits that these clusters evolve by the preferential establishment of tightly linked locally ...

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30.04.2013 | Zsolt Kárpáti; Marco Tasin; Ring T. Cardé; Teun Dekker, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory acuity. To avoid heterospecific mating, males respond to female-produced blends with high specificity and temporal resolution. A finely tuned sensory to projection neuron network secures specificity, and this network is thought to ...

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30.04.2013 | Manoshi Sen Datta; Kirill S. Korolev; Ivana Cvijovic; Carmel Dudley; Jeff Gore, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Natural populations throughout the tree of life undergo range expansions in response to changes in the environment. Recent theoretical work suggests that range expansions can have a strong effect on evolution, even leading to the fixation of deleterious alleles that would normally be ...

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30.04.2013 | Eva Nývltová; Robert Šuták; Karel Harant; Miroslava Šedinová; Ivan Hrdý; Jan Pačes; Čestmír Vlček; Jan Tachezy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

In most eukaryotes, the mitochondrion is the main organelle for the formation of iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters. This function is mediated through the iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, which was inherited from the α-proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria. In Archamoebae, including ...

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23.04.2013 | Brian S. Mautz; Bob B. M. Wong; Richard A. Peters; Michael D. Jennions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Compelling evidence from many animal taxa indicates that male genitalia are often under postcopulatory sexual selection for characteristics that increase a male’s relative fertilization success. There could, however, also be direct precopulatory female mate choice based on male genital ...

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23.04.2013 | Petr Nguyen; Miroslava Sýkorová; Jindra Šíchová; Václav Kůta; Martina Dalíková; Radmila Čapková Frydrychová; Lisa G. ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Changes in genome architecture often have a significant effect on ecological specialization and speciation. This effect may be further enhanced by involvement of sex chromosomes playing a disproportionate role in reproductive isolation. We have physically mapped the Z chromosome of the major ...

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23.04.2013 | Christian Hilbe; Martin A. Nowak; Karl Sigmund, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Iterated games are a fundamental component of economic and evolutionary game theory. They describe situations where two players interact repeatedly and have the ability to use conditional strategies that depend on the outcome of previous interactions, thus allowing for reciprocation. ...

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