11.06.2013 | Itamar Yadid; Johannes Rudolph; Klara Hlouchova; Shelley D. Copley, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Microbes in contaminated environments often evolve new metabolic pathways for detoxification or degradation of pollutants. In some cases, intermediates in newly evolved pathways are more toxic than the initial compound. The initial step in the degradation of pentachlorophenol by Sphingobium ...

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11.06.2013 | Winyoo Chowanadisai; David M. Graham; Carl L. Keen; Robert B. Rucker; Mark A. Messerli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Zn2+ is required for many aspects of neuronal structure and function. However, the regulation of Zn2+ in the nervous system remains poorly understood. Systematic analysis of tissue-profiling microarray data showed that the zinc transporter ZIP12 (slc39a12) is highly expressed in the human ...

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11.06.2013 | Jason P. Weick; Dustie L. Held; George F. Bonadurer III; Matthew E. Doers; Yan Liu; Chelsie Maguire; Aaron Clark; Jo ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying impaired cognition remain unclear. Elucidation of these mechanisms has been hindered by the lack of a model system that contains full trisomy of chromosome ...

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11.06.2013 | Ekaterina S. Lobanova; Stella Finkelstein; Nikolai P. Skiba; Vadim Y. Arshavsky, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Inherited retinal degenerations, caused by mutations in over 100 individual genes, affect approximately 2 million people worldwide. Many of the underlying mutations cause protein misfolding or mistargeting in affected photoreceptors. This places an increased burden on the protein folding and ...

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11.06.2013 | Deke Xu; Houyuan Lu; Naiqin Wu; Zhenxia Liu; Tiegang Li; Caiming Shen; Luo Wang, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

A high-resolution multiproxy record, including pollen, foraminifera, and alkenone paleothermometry, obtained from a single core (DG9603) from the Okinawa Trough, East China Sea (ECS), provided unambiguous evidence for asynchronous climate change between the land and ocean over the past 40 ka. ...

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11.06.2013 | Pedro Flombaum; José L. Gallegos; Rodolfo A. Gordillo; José Rincón; Lina L. Zabala; Nianzhi Jiao; David M. Karl; Wil ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus account for a substantial fraction of marine primary production. Here, we present quantitative niche models for these lineages that assess present and future global abundances and distributions. These niche models are the result of neural ...

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11.06.2013 | Menghan Zhang; Tao Gong, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

It is generally difficult to define reasonable parameters and interpret their values in mathematical models of social phenomena. Rather than directly fitting abstract parameters against empirical data, we should define some concrete parameters to denote the sociocultural factors relevant for ...

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11.06.2013 | David W. Dumbauld; Ted T. Lee; Ankur Singh; Jan Scrimgeour; Charles A. Gersbach; Evan A. Zamir; Jianping Fu; Christo ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Focal adhesions mediate force transfer between ECM-integrin complexes and the cytoskeleton. Although vinculin has been implicated in force transmission, few direct measurements have been made, and there is little mechanistic insight. Using vinculin-null cells expressing vinculin mutants, we ...

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11.06.2013 | Shuang Li; Veronica Choi; Thanos Tzounopoulos, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Tinnitus, the perception of phantom sound, is often a debilitating condition that affects many millions of people. Little is known, however, about the molecules that participate in the induction of tinnitus. In brain slices containing the dorsal cochlear nucleus, we reveal a tinnitus-specific ...

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11.06.2013 | Shasha Zhang; Yan Liu; Yi Rao, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

A role for serotonin in male sexual preference was recently uncovered by our finding that male mutant mice lacking serotonin have lost sexual preference. Here we show that female mouse mutants lacking either central serotonergic neurons or serotonin prefer female over male genital odors when ...

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