ATP synthase is the universal enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the energy stored in a transmembrane ion gradient. Immunogen: A peptide, which is highly conserved across the beta subunits of known F-type ATP Synthases from chloroplasts (CF1 Atp Synthase), mitochondria (F1 ATP) and most bacterial F-type Atp synthases. Peptide used for antibody production is located in a beta sheet, which is partly exposed near the surface of the AtpB protein. Reactivity: Anti-AtpB antibody will detect AtpB subunit of the F1 (extrinistic) sub-complex of F-type ATP Synthases involved in both photosynthesis and respiration for a very wide range of species. Anti-AtpB antibody will not cross-react with -V-type ATP Synthase, found mainly in Archaea.